模拟巴塔哥尼亚西部海洋水体中藻类水华的结构保持数值方法
A structure-preserving numerical approach for simulating algae blooms in marine water bodies of western Patagonia
摘要：
巴塔哥尼亚峡湾地区是世界上最大的河口地区之一。每个水体都表现出独特的水动力学行为，对生态系统的地球化学特征产生巨大影响。在这方面，藻类大量繁殖是具有重大意义的生态现象。数值模拟已被证明是了解其影响的一种有前途的工具。它还没有被用于研究该地区的藻类水华。本文的重点是提出一种新的数值模型来模拟发生在巴塔哥尼亚西部水体的短暂藻华。所提出的模型提出了一个权衡复杂性和适用性，因为现场数据稀疏区不鼓励使用更复杂的方法。该模型基于水柱的两层描述。第一层代表真光层，在真光层中使用NPZD型嵌入式生态地球化学模型来模拟质量守恒的营养网。高强度的风驱动水柱混合，引入向上流动的营养物质，提高初级生产率。一个时间相关的高斯脉冲被用来描述这个过程。由于碎屑下沉造成的质量损失也包括在内。然后，生态系统的动态是由一个外部强制的，非自治系统的常微分方程，其特征在于严格的正轨迹，但它不再是质量守恒的装置。设计了一种基于分裂合成技术的保结构时间积分器来求解系统方程。它是铸造作为一个三步算法，并提供了一个准确的估计生物量通量。此外，基于遗传算法的工具用于校准模型的参数在现实的情况下。所提出的模型应用于在南部峡湾的冬季水华的详细研究。
英文摘要：
Patagonian fjords' area is one of the largest estuarine regions in the world. Every one of its water bodies displays a unique hydrodynamic behavior with enormous effects on the biogeochemical characteristics of the ecosystems. In this context, algal blooms are ecological phenomena of major relevance. Numerical simulation has proved to be a promising tool to understand their impacts. It has not been used for studying algal blooms in this zone. This article focuses on proposing a novel numerical model for simulating brief algal blooms occurring in water bodies of western Patagonia. The proposed model presents a trade-off between complexity and applicability since field-data sparsity in the zone discourages using more sophisticated approaches. The model is based on a two-layer description of the water column. The first layer represents the euphotic zone where an embedded biogeochemical model of NPZD-type is used to model a mass-conserving trophic web. High intensity wind drives the water column mixing, introducing an upward flux of nutrients that boosts high rates of primary production. A time-dependent Gaussian pulse is used to describe this process. Mass losses due to detritus sinking are also included. Then, the ecosystem's dynamics is represented by means of an externally forced, non-autonomous system of ordinary differential equations which is characterized by strictly positive trajectories but that it is not longer mass-conserving. A structure-preserving time integrator based on a splitting-composition technique is designed for solving the system's equations. It is cast as a three-steps algorithm and provides an exact estimations of biomass fluxes. Additionally, a genetic algorithm-based tool is used to calibrate the model's parameters in realistic scenarios. The proposed model is applied im a detailed study of a winter bloom in an austral fjord.
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