利用管系综测量不可逆性和熵产生
Measurement of irreversibility and entropy production via the tubular ensemble
摘要：
在随机过程中，不可逆性的吸引人的理论度量，作为轨迹和其时间反转的概率之比，不能在实验中直接获得，因为单个轨迹的概率为零。我们正则化这个定义，而不是考虑，概率的限制比例的轨迹保持在一个光滑的路径和时间反转的管状附近。由此得到的路径方向的介质熵产符合随机热力学的形式表达式，并可以从可测管概率得到。估计后者从数值采样的轨迹朗之万动力学产生良好的协议与理论。通过结合我们的测量路径熵生产与马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗算法，我们推断的熵生产分布的过渡路径合奏直接从短记录的轨迹。我们的工作使测量的不可逆性沿个别路径，路径合奏，在一个无模型的方式。
英文摘要：
The appealing theoretical measure of irreversibility in a stochastic process, as the ratio of the probabilities of a trajectory and its time reversal, cannot be accessed directly in experiment since the probability of a single trajectory is zero. We regularize this definition by considering, instead, the limiting ratio of probabilities for trajectories to remain in the tubular neighborhood of a smooth path and its time reversal. The resulting pathwise medium entropy production agrees with the formal expression from stochastic thermodynamics, and can be obtained from measurable tube probabilities. Estimating the latter from numerically sampled trajectories for Langevin dynamics yields excellent agreement with theory. By combining our measurement of pathwise entropy production with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, we infer the entropy-production distribution for a transition path ensemble directly from short recorded trajectories. Our work enables the measurement of irreversibility along individual paths, and path ensembles, in a model-free manner.
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