二元胶体中的同步分馏和相分离
Synchronized Fractionation and Phase Separation in Binary Colloids
摘要：
分馏对于多组分混合物的自组装是必要的。在这里，可逆分馏和结晶实现和研究在一个二维的二元胶体，这是通过提高胶体颗粒之间的吸引力过饱和。由于深度和快速的过饱和导致凝胶中具有均匀分布的二元颗粒，逐渐准静态的过饱和过程导致两步结晶，其中小颗粒和大颗粒分别作为共存的晶体和液相而分级。在凝胶的准静态熔融中也发生分馏。我们发现，同步分馏和相分离产生的尺寸依赖的排斥和可调的吸引之间的竞争。本研究的结果证实了相分离的分离机制，并对理解活细胞中无膜细胞器的可逆形成具有重要意义。
英文摘要：
Fractionation is necessary for self-assembly in multicomponent mixtures. Here, reversible fractionation and crystallization are realized and studied in a two-dimensional binary colloids which is supersaturated by enhancing the attraction between colloidal particles. As a deep and fast supersaturation results in gels with a uniform distribution of binary particles, a gradual quasistatic supersaturating process leads to a two-step crystallization in which small particles and large particles are fractionated as coexisting crystal and liquid phases respectively. Fractionation occurs as well in the quasistatic melting of gel. We show that the synchronized fractionation and phase separation arises from the competition between the size-dependent repulsion and the tunable attraction. The results in this study demonstrate a robust mechanism of fractionation via phase separation, and have important implication in understanding the reversible formation of membraneless organelles in living cells.
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