arXiv 2007.103782020-07hep-phastro-ph.CO

QCD中的暗物质粒子

Dark Matter Particle in QCD

Glennys R. Farrar, Zihui Wang, Xingchen Xu

备注：: 25 pp, 13 figs. abstract abbreviated here; FIGURE 2 has been replaced (plotting bug) -- other content is correct and unchanged

摘要：

我们报告的可能性，暗物质粒子是一个稳定的，中性的，尚未发现的强子在标准模型。质量约为2m_p的色味旋单重态六夸克（S，uuddss）的存在与现有的认识是一致的。S与重子的相互作用主要是通过耦合强度为α_SN的Yukawa相互作用进行的，介导的是质量约为1 GeV的omega和phi矢量介子。如果它存在，S是一个非常有吸引力的DM候选者。S暗物质（SDM）的残余丰度是在宇宙从夸克-胶子等离子体跃迁到强子相时在~150 MeV时建立的，并且与观测到的Omega_DM/Omega_b = 5.3+-0.1非常一致;这是一个没有自由参数的结果，因为相关参数是从QCD中已知的。这种残余丰度在低温下的生存要求破裂振幅gtilde <~ 2 10^-6，这与理论预期和观测界限完全一致，因为破裂振幅在动态上受到抑制，而且小了许多数量级，正如我们所展示的那样。散射截面可能与玻恩近似相差几个数量级，这取决于α_SN，需要重新分析观测极限。我们使用直接探测实验和宇宙学约束来确定alpha_SN的允许区域。对于一个范围内的允许值，我们预测外来核同位素在可检测的水平与质量偏移~2 amu。在加速器实验中探测六夸克最有希望的方法是在相对论性重离子碰撞的中心区域或使用束流收集装置寻找长相互作用长度的中性粒子成分，并使用J-Lab的Belle-II或可能的GLUEX寻找丢失粒子产生的证据，其特征在于不平衡的重子数和奇异性。

英文摘要：

We report on the possibility that the Dark Matter particle is a stable, neutral, as-yet-undiscovered hadron in the standard model. The existence of a compact color-flavor-spin singlet sexaquark (S, uuddss) with mass ~2m_p, is compatible with current knowledge. The S interacts with baryons primarily via a Yukawa interaction of coupling strength alpha_SN, mediated by omega and phi vector mesons having mass ~1 GeV. If it exists, the S is a very attractive DM candidate. The relic abundance of S Dark Matter (SDM) is established when the Universe transitions from the quark-gluon plasma to the hadronic phase at ~150 MeV and is in remarkable agreement with the observed Omega_DM/Omega_b = 5.3+-0.1; this is a no-free-parameters result because the relevant parameters are known from QCD. Survival of this relic abundance to low temperature requires the breakup amplitude gtilde <~ 2 10^-6, comfortably compatible with theory expectations and observational bounds because the breakup amplitude is dynamically suppressed and many orders of magnitude smaller, as we show. The scattering cross section can differ by orders of magnitude from Born approximation, depending on alpha_SN, requiring reanalysis of observational limits. We use direct detection experiments and cosmological constraints to determine the allowed region of alpha_SN. For a range of allowed values, we predict exotic nuclear isotopes at a detectable level with mass offset ~2 amu. The most promising approaches for detecting the sexaquark in accelerator experiments are to search for a long-interaction-length neutral particle component in the central region of relativistic heavy ion collisions or using a beam-dump setup, and to search for evidence of missing particle production characterized by unbalanced baryon number and strangeness using Belle-II or possibly GLUEX at J-Lab.

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英文摘要：

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