离散时间晶体的类瞬子激发
An instanton-like excitation of a discrete time crystal
摘要：
自发对称性破缺和元激发是凝聚态物理的两大支柱，它们之间有着密切的联系。对称性及其自发破缺不仅控制了元激发的动力学和光谱，而且决定了它们的基本结构。在本文中，我们研究了非平衡量子物质的激发性质：自发打破时间平移对称性的离散时间晶体相。它示出，这样一个有趣的对称性破缺允许一个类似于瞬子的激发，代表两个“简并”时间晶体相位之间的隧穿。此外，我们还观察到一个动力学的转变点，在该点上的瞬子“大小”的分歧，在非平衡统计物理的临界慢化现象的回忆。提出了一种唯象理论来理解所提出的系统的相动力学，并讨论了实验实现和检测。
英文摘要：
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and elementary excitation are two of the pillars of condensed matter physics that are closely related to each other. The symmetry and its spontaneous breaking not only control the dynamics and spectrum of elementary excitations, but also determine their underlying structures. In this paper, we study the excitation properties of a non-equilibrium quantum matter: a discrete time crystal phase that spontaneously breaks the temporal translational symmetry. It is shown that such an intriguing symmetry breaking allows an instanton-like excitation that represents a tunneling between two "degenerate" time crystal phases. Furthermore, we also observe a dynamical transition point at which the instanton "size" diverges, a reminiscence of the critical slowing down phenomenon in nonequilibrium statistic physics. A phenomenological theory has been proposed to understand the phase dynamics of the proposed system and the experimental realization and detection have also been discussed.
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