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arXiv 2007.07271astro-ph.GA
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无线电响度之外的AGN二分法:高斯混合模型分析

AGN dichotomy beyond radio loudness: a Gaussian Mixture Model analysis

Pedro P. B. Beaklini, Allan V. C. Quadros, Marcio G. B. de Avellar, Maria L. L. Dantas, André L. F. Cançado

摘要:

自从类星体(Quasi-stellar Objects,QSO)被发现以来,它们通常被分为射电强源和射电静源。这种划分是高度异质的单一对象群体的误导效应,还是真实的,还有待回答。这种二分法已经被光学和无线电发射(通常是$B$波段和5 GHz)之间的通量比的观测所证实。多年来,类星体中存在两个种群的证据和各种各样活动星系核的样本已经积累起来。除了射电响度之外的其他量似乎也显示了活动星系核存在两个不同族群的特征。为了验证存在的二分法通过不同的参数,我们采用了软聚类方案,高斯混合模型(GMM)的基础上,同时使用以下参数对这些对象进行分类:黑洞质量,颜色和$R$响度指数,以及通常的无线电和$B$波段光度。为了研究不同种类的活动星系核是否表现出任何种群二分法,我们将GMM应用于由光学和无线电信息组成的四个独立的星表。我们的研究结果表明,在所有数据集的二分法的持久性,虽然不同的参数选择的区分能力不同。虽然单独的射电响度参数似乎不足以显示二分法,两个群体的活动星系核的证据可以坚持,即使我们考虑其他参数。我们的研究表明,这种二分法不是一种误导性的效果,而是真实存在的。

英文摘要:

Since the discovery of Quasi-stellar Objects (QSOs), also known as quasars, they have been traditionally subdivided as radio-loud and radio-quiet sources. Whether such division is a misleading effect from a highly heterogeneous single population of objects, or real has yet to be answered. Such dichotomy has been evidenced by observations of the flux ratio between the optical and radio emissions (usually $B$-band and 5 GHz). Evidence of two populations in quasars and samples of a wide diversity of AGNs has been accumulated over the years. Other quantities beyond radio loudness also seem to show the signature of the existence of two different populations of AGN. To verify the existence of a dichotomy through different parameters, we employed a soft clustering scheme, based on the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), to classify these objects simultaneously using the following parameters: black hole mass, colour and $R$ loudness index, as well as the usual radio and $B$-band luminosity. To investigate whether different kinds of AGNs manifest any population dichotomy, we applied GMM to four independent catalogues composed of both optical and radio information. Our results indicate the persistence of a dichotomy in all datasets, although the discriminating power differs for different choices of parameters. Although the Radio Loudness parameter alone does not seem to be enough to display the dichotomy, the evidence of two populations of AGNs could persist even if we consider other parameters. Our research suggests that the dichotomy is not a misleading effect but real.

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