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arXiv 2007.06991astro-ph.EP
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激发开普勒行星相互倾斜的恒星扁率与遥远的巨星

Stellar Oblateness versus Distant Giants in Exciting Kepler Planet Mutual Inclinations

Christopher Spalding, Sarah Millholland

摘要:

过多的单凌日开普勒行星表明,存在一个亚人口的本质上多行星系统拥有大的相互倾斜。然而,这些相互倾向的起源仍然不明。最近的工作表明,相互倾斜可以激发后不久,原行星盘-分散由于扁率的快速旋转的主恒星,提供恒星是倾斜的。或者,遥远的巨行星,这是常见的近距离开普勒行星系统,可能会推动相互倾斜。这些机制中的每一个的相对重要性尚未被研究。在这里,我们表明,恒星扁率的影响,通常超过了一个外部的巨大的行星形成后不久。然而,由此产生的相互倾斜的大小主要取决于出生盘分散的时间尺度。具体地说,我们发现,如果圆盘消失的时间尺度短于10^(3-4)年,相当于内部约0.2天文单位的粘性时间尺度,那么内部行星会冲动地获得与恒星质量成比例的错位。相比之下,如果圆盘缓慢分散,内行星保持共面。它们首先与恒星赤道对齐,但随后随着恒星旋转下降而与遥远的巨星平面重新对齐。我们的发现与最近的观察结果一致,即巨人队倾向于与近距离的多人队保持一致,但与单打队不一致。恒星相似性测量提供了一个有前途的测试我们提出的框架。

英文摘要:

An overabundance of single-transiting Kepler planets suggests the existence of a sub-population of intrinsically multi-planet systems possessing large mutual inclinations. However, the origin of these mutual inclinations remains unknown. Recent work has demonstrated that mutual inclinations can be excited soon after protoplanetary disk-dispersal due to the oblateness of the rapidly-rotating host star, provided the star is tilted. Alternatively, distant giant planets, which are common in systems of close-in Kepler planets, could drive up mutual inclinations. The relative importance of each of these mechanisms has not been investigated. Here, we show that the influence of the stellar oblateness typically exceeds that of an exterior giant soon after planet formation. However, the magnitude of the resulting mutual inclinations depends critically upon the timescale over which the natal disk disperses. Specifically, we find that if the disk vanishes over a timescale shorter than 10^(3-4) years, comparable to the viscous timescale of the inner ~0.2AU, the inner planets impulsively acquire misalignments that scale with the stellar obliquity. In contrast, if the disk disperses slowly, the inner planets remain coplanar. They first align with the stellar equator but subsequently realign with the distant giant's plane as the star spins down. Our findings are consistent with recent observations that giants tend to be aligned with close-in multis but misaligned with singles. Stellar obliquity measurements offer a promising test of our proposed framework.

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