保护不安全：太赫兹波段纳米通信系统的第一道防线
Securing the Insecure: A First-Line-of-Defense for Nanoscale Communication Systems Operating in THz Band
摘要：
在太赫兹（THz）波段工作的纳米级通信系统预计将彻底改变未来的卫生保健系统。全球无线数据流量正在快速增长。然而，无线系统，由于其广播性质，容易受到恶意的安全漏洞。此外，量子计算的进步对现有的基于密码的信息安全构成了风险。使THz系统能够抵御可能导致破坏性后果的潜在主动和被动攻击是至关重要的，特别是在处理医疗保健系统中的敏感患者数据时。需要新的策略来分析这些恶意攻击并提出可行的对策。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一种新的认证机制，纳米通信系统工作在太赫兹波段的物理层。我们评估了对太赫兹系统的模拟攻击。我们建议使用路径损耗作为指纹进行认证通过两个stephypothesis测试的传输设备。我们使用隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）的维特比算法来增强假设检验的输出。我们还进行了发射机identifiationusing最大似然和高斯混合模型（GMM）的期望最大化算法。仿真结果表明，错误概率是信噪比的递减函数。在10 dB和0.2虚警时，检测概率几乎为零。我们进一步观察到，HMM在低SNR状态下优于假设测试（在SNR =5 dB时记录到准确度增加10%），而GMM在地面实况有噪声时很有用。我们的工作解决了通信系统面临的主要安全漏洞，无论是通过恶意破坏还是量子计算，使工业4.0的纳米级系统的新应用成为可能。
英文摘要：
Nanoscale communication systems operating in Ter-ahertz (THz) band are anticipated to revolutionise the healthcaresystems of the future. Global wireless data traffic is undergoinga rapid growth. However, wireless systems, due to their broad-casting nature, are vulnerable to malicious security breaches. Inaddition, advances in quantum computing poses a risk to existingcrypto-based information security. It is of the utmost importanceto make the THz systems resilient to potential active and passiveattacks which may lead to devastating consequences, especiallywhen handling sensitive patient data in healthcare systems. Newstrategies are needed to analyse these malicious attacks and topropose viable countermeasures. In this manuscript, we presenta new authentication mechanism for nanoscale communicationsystems operating in THz band at the physical layer. We assessedan impersonation attack on a THz system. We propose usingpath loss as a fingerprint to conduct authentication via two-stephypothesis testing for a transmission device. We used hiddenMarkov Model (HMM) viterbi algorithm to enhance the outputof hypothesis testing. We also conducted transmitter identificationusing maximum likelihood and Gaussian mixture model (GMM)expectation maximization algorithms. Our simulations showedthat the error probabilities are a decreasing functions of SNR. At 10 dB with 0.2 false alarm, the detection probability was almostone. We further observed that HMM out-performs hypothesistesting at low SNR regime (10% increase in accuracy is recordedat SNR =5 dB) whereas the GMM is useful when groundtruths are noisy. Our work addresses major security gaps facedby communication system either through malicious breachesor quantum computing, enabling new applications of nanoscalesystems for Industry 4.0.
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