基于自催化网络的文化进化起源认知转换模型
Modeling a Cognitive Transition at the Origin of Cultural Evolution using Autocatalytic Networks
摘要：
自催化网络已经被用来模拟能够维持生命和经历生物进化的自组织结构的出现。在这里，我们模型的认知结构能够经历文化进化的出现。知识和经验的心理表征起着催化分子的作用，它们之间的相互作用（例如，新联想的形成）起着反应的作用，并导致代表性的重新描述。该方法用心理表征的来源来标记心理表征，即，无论它们是通过社会学习、个人学习（对已有信息的学习）还是创造性思维（产生新信息）获得的。这使得我们有可能对认知结构如何出现进行建模，并逐步追踪累积文化的谱系。我们开发了一个正式的代表性的文化过渡从Oldowan阿舍利工具技术使用自反式Autocatalytifc和食品集生成（RAF）网络。与更原始的奥尔德沃石器不同，阿舍利手斧不仅需要想象和创造尚不存在的东西的能力，还需要有层次结构的思想和行动，以及新的心理表征的产生：边缘、细化、成形等概念，以及一个元概念“手斧”。我们将展示这是如何构成了一个关键的转变，语义网络的出现，是自组织的，自我维持的，和自催化的，并讨论如何通过社会互动复制这样的网络。该模型为解开人类学最大的谜团之一提供了一种有希望的方法：为什么阿舍利手斧的发展会伴随着一百多万年的文化停滞。
英文摘要：
Autocatalytic networks have been used to model the emergence of self-organizing structure capable of sustaining life and undergoing biological evolution. Here, we model the emergence of cognitive structure capable of undergoing cultural evolution. Mental representations of knowledge and experiences play the role of catalytic molecules, and interactions amongst them (e.g., the forging of new associations) play the role of reactions, and result in representational redescription. The approach tags mental representations with their source, i.e., whether they were acquired through social learning, individual learning (of pre-existing information), or creative thought (resulting in the generation of new information). This makes it possible to model how cognitive structure emerges, and to trace lineages of cumulative culture step by step. We develop a formal representation of the cultural transition from Oldowan to Acheulean tool technology using Reflexively Autocatalytifc and Food set generated (RAF) networks. Unlike more primitive Oldowan stone tools, the Acheulean hand axe required not only the capacity to envision and bring into being something that did not yet exist, but hierarchically structured thought and action, and the generation of new mental representations: the concepts EDGING, THINNING, SHAPING, and a meta-concept, HAND AXE. We show how this constituted a key transition towards the emergence of semantic networks that were self-organizing, self-sustaining, and autocatalytic, and discuss how such networks replicated through social interaction. The model provides a promising approach to unraveling one of the greatest anthropological mysteries: that of why development of the Acheulean hand axe was followed by over a million years of cultural stasis.
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