建议的迈阿密撞击坑被确定为一个溶于水的鲕状石灰岩
Proposed Miami Impact Crater Identified as a Solutional Doline of Oolictic Limestone
摘要：
这项调查解决了位于佛罗里达州迈阿密海岸外北大西洋下的一个拟议的撞击坑的发现。对从国家海洋和大气管理局获得的测深数据进行的初步分析表明，其形态与一个由地外来源的超高速撞击事件产生的复杂陨石坑相一致。建议的撞击特征包括一个中心峰，同心环和西北方向的喷出物场。美国地质调查局的地质数据分析显示，撞击地点上覆的地层为更新世迈阿密石灰岩，在海洋同位素阶段5e积累，因此撞击坑的最大年龄为80 ka至130 ka。在整个调查过程中，对该结构形成的其他三种相互竞争的假设进行了探讨，即受控的海上爆炸、火山放射状熔岩流或凹陷的生物丘、漏斗或岩溶（溶解凹陷）。为了确认这个结构是撞击坑，行星科学公司组织了一次现场水下探险。特别是为了确定是否存在平面构造、破碎锥和冲击变质和/或其它陨石性质。在分析了在拟议的撞击坑收集的地质样品，检查了类似地质结构的形态，并评估了竞争性假设之后，我们得出结论，该结构是由迈阿密石灰岩不均匀溶解形成的溶解漏斗，因此，不建议将该结构编入地球撞击数据库
英文摘要：
This investigation addresses the discovery of a proposed impact crater located off the coast of Miami, FL under the North Atlantic Ocean. A preliminary analysis of bathymetry data obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration implied a morphology consistent with a complex crater produced by a hypervelocity impact event of extraterrestrial origin. The proposed impact features include a central peak, concentric rings, and an ejecta field to the northwest. Analysis of geological data from the US Geological Survey places the strata overlying the proposed impact site as Miami Limestone, Pleistocene, accumulated during Marine Isotope Stage 5e, thereby placing the maximum age of the proposed impact crater at 80 ka to 130 ka. Three other competing hypotheses for the formation of the structure, namely a controlled maritime explosion, radial lava flow from volcano, or a depressed bioherm, doline, or karst (solutional depression) were explored throughout the investigation. To confirm the proposed structure as an impact crater, an in-situ underwater expedition was organized by Planetary Sciences, Inc. specifically to ascertain whether planar formations, shatter cones, and shock metamorphic and or other meteoritic properties were present. After analyzing the geological samples collected at the proposed impact crater, examining the morphology of analogous geologic structures, and evaluating competing hypotheses, we conclude that the structure is a solutional doline formed by the uneven dissolution of the Miami Limestone, and, accordingly, do not recommend that the structure be indexed in the Earth Impact Database
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