arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2007.05929cs.LGstat.ML
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具有自预测表示的数据高效强化学习

Data-Efficient Reinforcement Learning with Self-Predictive Representations

Mila(米拉人工智能研究院);Université de Montréal(蒙特利尔大学);Microsoft Research(微软研究院)

Max Schwarzer, Ankesh Anand, Rishab Goel, R Devon Hjelm, Aaron Courville, Philip Bachman

摘要:

虽然深度强化学习擅长解决可以通过与环境的几乎无限的交互来收集大量数据的任务,但从有限的交互中学习仍然是一个关键挑战。我们假设,如果我们根据视觉输入的结构和与环境的顺序交互,通过自监督目标来增强奖励最大化,那么智能体可以更有效地学习。我们的方法,自我预测表示(SPR),训练代理预测自己的潜在状态表示未来的多个步骤。我们使用编码器计算未来状态的目标表示,编码器是代理参数的指数移动平均值,我们使用学习的过渡模型进行预测。就其本身而言,这种未来预测目标优于先前用于从像素进行样本高效深度RL的方法。我们通过向未来预测损失添加数据增强来进一步提高性能,这迫使代理的表示在观察的多个视图中保持一致。我们的完全自我监督目标,结合了未来预测和数据增强,在Atari上实现了0.415的人类标准化得分中位数,环境交互的设置限制在10万步,这代表了比以前的最先进水平相对提高了55%。值得注意的是,即使在这种有限的数据制度下,SPR在26场比赛中有7场超过了专家人类得分。与本作品相关的代码可在https://github.com/mila-iqia/spr上找到

英文摘要:

While deep reinforcement learning excels at solving tasks where large amounts of data can be collected through virtually unlimited interaction with the environment, learning from limited interaction remains a key challenge. We posit that an agent can learn more efficiently if we augment reward maximization with self-supervised objectives based on structure in its visual input and sequential interaction with the environment. Our method, Self-Predictive Representations(SPR), trains an agent to predict its own latent state representations multiple steps into the future. We compute target representations for future states using an encoder which is an exponential moving average of the agent's parameters and we make predictions using a learned transition model. On its own, this future prediction objective outperforms prior methods for sample-efficient deep RL from pixels. We further improve performance by adding data augmentation to the future prediction loss, which forces the agent's representations to be consistent across multiple views of an observation. Our full self-supervised objective, which combines future prediction and data augmentation, achieves a median human-normalized score of 0.415 on Atari in a setting limited to 100k steps of environment interaction, which represents a 55% relative improvement over the previous state-of-the-art. Notably, even in this limited data regime, SPR exceeds expert human scores on 7 out of 26 games. The code associated with this work is available at https://github.com/mila-iqia/spr

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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