超星系团SClA2142茧中多尺度宇宙网的探测、连通性和预处理
Multiscale cosmic web detachments, connectivity, and preprocessing in the supercluster SClA2142 cocoon
摘要：
我们研究了A2142超星系团（SCIA 2142）周围低密度区（茧）中星系团和丝状体的性质、连通性和星系含量。我们跟踪SCIA 2142茧边界的最低亮度密度区域，从其他超星系团分开SCIA 2142。我们确定了茧中的星系丝和星系团，并分析了星系团的连通性，超星系团的高密度核心（HDC）以及整个超星系团。我们比较了超星系团和茧状星系团中具有不同恒星形成性质的星系的分布和性质。SClA 2142和连接到它的长灯丝形成了迄今为止探测到的宇宙中最长的直结构，长度为$75$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc。超星系团的连通性为C = 6 - 7;差星系团的连通性为C = 1 - 2。围绕超星系团主体的长丝状体在转向区与其分离。拥有非常古老的恒星星族的星系存在于从最富有的星系团到最贫穷的星系团和单个星系的广泛丰富的系统中。它们甚至在茧中的密度低至$D1 < 1$，而在超星系团中的密度高至$D1 > 800$。最近淬灭的星系主要位于茧中的一个区域，它们的性质在茧中和在超星系团中是不同的。单个星系的恒星形成特性在所有环境中都是相似的。SClA 2142的坍缩主体及其附近分离的长暗条是超星系团演化中一个重要时期的证据。需要进一步的研究来理解在极端不同的环境中具有非常古老的恒星星族的星系的相似性的原因。宇宙网中长而直的结构的存在可以作为对宇宙学模型的检验。
英文摘要：
We study the properties, connectivity, and galaxy content of groups and filaments in the low-density region (cocoon) around A2142 supercluster (SClA2142). We traced the SClA2142 cocoon boundaries by the lowest luminosity-density regions that separate SClA2142 from other superclusters. We determined galaxy filaments and groups in the cocoon and analysed the connectivity of groups, the high density core (HDC) of the supercluster, and the whole of the supercluster. We compared the distribution and properties of galaxies with different star-formation properties in the supercluster and in the cocoon. SClA2142 and the long filament that is connected to it forms the longest straight structure in the Universe detected so far, with a length of $75$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc. The connectivity of the supercluster is C = 6 - 7; poor groups have C = 1 - 2. Long filaments around the supercluster's main body are detached from it at the turnaround region. Galaxies with very old stellar populations lie in systems across a wide range of richness from the richest cluster to poorest groups and single galaxies. They lie even at local densities as low as $D1 < 1$ in the cocoon and up to $D1 > 800$ in the supercluster. Recently quenched galaxies lie in the cocoon mainly in one region and their properties are different in the cocoon and in the supercluster. The star-formation properties of single galaxies are similar across all environments. The collapsing main body of SClA2142 with the detached long filaments near it are evidence of an important epoch in the supercluster evolution. Further studies are needed to understand the reasons of similarity of galaxies with very old stellar populations in extremely different environments. The presence of long, straight structures in the cosmic web may serve as a test for cosmological models.
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