基于主体的建模：综述及其在疾病动力学中的应用
Agent-Based Modelling: An Overview with Application to Disease Dynamics
摘要：
建模和计算方法在推进定量科学中至关重要，特别是在过去的二十年中，大量复杂，大量和异构的数据可用。特别是，对基于代理的建模的兴趣激增，主要是由于其利用这些数据并进行重要预测的能力。然而，任何成熟的定量方法都依赖于构建和分析的理论框架。虽然计算方面的代理为基础的建模已经详细介绍了现有的文献，基本的理论基础很少被用于其建设。在这次博览会中，我们提供了一个基于代理的建模的理论基础的概述，并建立与其计算实现的关系。除了详细介绍这种计算方法的主要特点，我们说明了它的应用程序模拟传染病的传播在一个简单的，动态的过程。随着基于代理的模型的使用扩展到各个学科，我们的评论强调了需要有针对性的研究工作，以开发理论方法和分析工具，分析这些模型。
英文摘要：
Modelling and computational methods have been essential in advancing quantitative science, especially in the past two decades with the availability of vast amount of complex, voluminous, and heterogeneous data. In particular, there has been a surge of interest in agent-based modelling, largely due to its capabilities to exploit such data and make significant projections. However, any well-established quantitative method relies on theoretical frameworks for both construction and analysis. While the computational aspects of agent-based modelling have been detailed in existing literature, the underlying theoretical basis has rarely been used in its construction. In this exposition, we provide an overview of the theoretical foundation of agent-based modelling and establish a relationship with its computational implementation. In addition to detailing the main characteristics of this computational methodology, we illustrate its application to simulating the spread of an infectious disease in a simple, dynamical process. As the use of agent-based models expands to various disciplines, our review highlights the need for directed research efforts to develop theoretical methods and analytical tools for the analysis of such models.
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