不同实际环境下无症状个体空气传播COVID-19的风险评估
Risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic individuals under different practical settings
摘要：
由于缺乏在实际环境下对COVID-19空气传播的定量风险评估，导致我们的预防措施存在很大的不确定性和不一致性。结合原位测量和数值模拟，我们量化了正常呼吸行为的呼出颗粒及其在电梯，小教室和超市环境下的运输，以评估吸入潜在含病毒颗粒的风险。我们的研究结果表明，通风的设计是至关重要的，以减少颗粒相遇的风险。不适当的设计会显著限制颗粒去除的效率，产生具有数量级更高风险的局部热点，并增加导致表面污染的颗粒沉积。此外，我们的测量揭示了正常呼吸中晶体颗粒的大量存在及其与呼吸深度的强相关性。
英文摘要：
The lack of quantitative risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 under practical settings leads to large uncertainties and inconsistencies in our preventive measures. Combining in situ measurements and numerical simulations, we quantify the exhaled particles from normal respiratory behaviors and their transport under elevator, small classroom and supermarket settings to evaluate the risk of inhaling potentially virus-containing particles. Our results show that the design of ventilation is critical for reducing the risk of particle encounters. Inappropriate design can significantly limit the efficiency of particle removal, create local hot spots with orders of magnitude higher risks, and enhance particle deposition causing surface contamination. Additionally, our measurements reveal the presence of substantial fraction of crystalline particles from normal breathing and its strong correlation with breathing depth.
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