以接近光速的速度驶向恒星
Sailing Towards the Stars Close to the Speed of Light
摘要：
作者描述了辐射推动帆的一般运动，这些帆在定向能推进下加速到接近光速。该模型的实际应用也给出了，包括星际飞越任务的半人马座阿尔法恒星系统所设想的突破Starshot计划。驱动光束和帆的运动方向之间的任何不对准在朝向相对论速度的加速过程中自然地被扫除，但导致大约80 A. U.对于朝向半人马座阿尔法星加速到0.2c的帆，初始偏差为1弧秒。然后，探测器感受到的巨大的固有加速度（2500克），巨大的能源成本（每个探头约13 kt），因为效率低（约3%），行程持续时间（22至33年），热力学平衡时的温度（约1500 K）和船载时间膨胀（约160天差），并讨论了它们随帆面反射率的变化。我们还提出了一个应用程序，在太阳系内使用双级光帆的单次旅行。一艘质量为24吨的宇宙飞船可以在大约7个月内从地球出发并在火星停留，峰值速度为30 km/s，但由于定向能系统的效率极低，因此代价是大约$5.3\times 10^4$ GWh的巨大能量成本，在这种低速情况下大约为$10^{-4}$。
英文摘要：
The authors describe the general motion of radiation-pushed sails accelerated near the speed of light with directed energy propulsion. Practical applications of the model are also given, including the interstellar flyby mission to the Alpha Centauri star system envisioned by the Breakthrough Starshot program. Any misalignment between the driving light beam and the direction of the sail's motion is naturally swept away during acceleration toward relativistic speed, yet leads to a deviation of about 80 A.U. in the case of an initial misalignment of 1 arc sec for a sail accelerated up to 0.2c toward Alpha Centauri. Then, the huge proper acceleration felt by the probes (of order 2500 g), the tremendous energy cost (of about 13 kt per probe) for poor efficiency (of about 3 \%), the trip duration (between 22 and 33 years), the temperature at thermodynamic equilibrium (about 1500 K), and the time dilation aboard (about 160-days difference) are all presented and their variation with the sail's reflectivity is discussed. We also present an application to single trips within the Solar System using double-stage light sails. A spaceship of mass 24 tons can start from Earth and stop at Mars in about seven months with a peak velocity of 30 km/s but at the price of a huge energy cost of about $5.3\times 10^4$ GWh due to extremely low efficiency of the directed energy system, around $10^{-4}$ in this low-velocity case.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
