全光散射体晶格中光的量子流体
Quantum fluids of light in all-optical scatterer lattices
摘要：
最近在凝聚态物理中建立的范例之一是在人工构造的势中检查系统的行为，从而洞察难以到达的设置中的量子流体的物理现象。一个突出的例子是物质波散射体晶格，也称为势垒晶格或排斥狄拉克梳。在那里，高能物质波通过窄宽度势垒进行透射和反射，导致严格的相位匹配条件，随后形成晶格带。它是量子力学中最好的教学系统之一，但它的宏观物质波流体的实现仍然难以捉摸，与倏逝耦合晶格点或波导相反。在这里，我们实现和研究系统的激子极化激元凝聚体在非厄米Lieb晶格的散射体的潜力，通过光学注入非相干激子云都发射，并与行进极化激元波相互作用。通过微调晶格参数，我们揭示了两个不同的制度之间的非平衡相变的极化激元凝聚：一个散射体晶格的增益引导极化激元凝聚在晶格势最大值，和被困极化激元凝聚在晶格势最小值。过渡的特点是多峰冷凝，由于两个政权之间的增益竞争。对极化子发射的能量层析成像使我们能够测量光诱导晶格的复杂能带结构。我们的研究结果铺平了道路，对未探索的物理非厄米流体在非静态混合物的限制和自由膨胀波。
英文摘要：
One of the recently established paradigms in condensed matter physics is examining a system's behaviour in artificially constructed potentials, giving insight into physical phenomena of quantum fluids in hard-to-reach settings. A prominent example is the matter-wave scatterer lattice, also known as the barrier lattice or repulsive Dirac comb. There, high energy matter waves undergo transmission and reflection through narrow width barriers leading to stringent phase matching conditions with subsequent lattice band formation. It is one of the most well taught system in quantum mechanics but its realisation for macroscopic matter-wave fluids has remained elusive, in contrast to evanescently coupled lattice sites or waveguides. Here, we implement and study a system of exciton-polariton condensates in a non-Hermitian Lieb lattice of scatterer potentials by optically injecting incoherent exciton clouds which both emit, and interact with traveling polariton waves. By fine tuning the lattice parameters, we reveal a nonequilibrium phase transition between two distinct regimes of polariton condensation: a scatterer lattice of gain guided polaritons condensing on the lattice potential maxima, and trapped polaritons condensing in the lattice potential minima. The transition is characterised by multimodal condensation due to gain competition between the two regimes. Energy tomography on the polariton emission enables us to measure the intricate band structure of the optically induced lattices. Our results pave the way towards unexplored physics of non-Hermitian fluids in non-stationary mixtures of confined and freely expanding waves.
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