细菌种群中休眠和转移的相互作用：入侵、固定和共存状态
The interplay of dormancy and transfer in bacterial populations: Invasion, fixation and coexistence regimes
摘要：
我们研究了微生物种群动态和进化的两个基本机制之间的相互作用，称为休眠和水平基因转移。相应的性状以多种形式出现，在微生物群落中无处不在，以重要的方式影响它们的动态。最近，他们各自（分别）进入了基于个体的随机建模的焦点（Billiard et al. 2016，2018; Champagnat，Méléard and Tran，2021; Blath and Tóbiás 2020）。在这里，我们在一个统一的模型中研究它们的综合效应。事实上，我们考虑了两个亚群的（理想化）场景，分别携带“性状1”和“性状2”，其中性状1个体能够切换（在竞争压力下）进入休眠状态，性状2个体能够执行水平基因转移，将性状1个体转化为性状2个体，其速率取决于个体的频率。在大人口的限制，我们研究的命运，一个单一的特质i个人（一个“穆”）到达一个特质j居民人口生活在平衡，为$i,j=1,2,i \neq j$。我们提供了一个完整的分析的入侵动态在所有情况下，居民人口是单独适合和突变群体的初始行为是非关键的。我们确定参数制度的入侵和固定的新性状，稳定共存的两个性状，和“创始人控制”（初始居民总是占主导地位，无论其性状）。最引人注目的结果是，即使特性2（以特性1为代价从转移中获益）在单独存在时不适合，在某些情况下也会出现稳定的共存。在创始人控制的情况下，极限动力系统具有不稳定的共存平衡点。在所有情况下，我们观察到经典（最多3）阶段的入侵动力学la Champagnat（2006）。
英文摘要：
We investigate the interplay between two fundamental mechanisms of microbial population dynamics and evolution called dormancy and horizontal gene transfer. The corresponding traits come in many guises and are ubiquitous in microbial communities, affecting their dynamics in important ways. Recently, they have each moved (separately) into the focus of stochastic individual-based modelling (Billiard et al. 2016, 2018; Champagnat, Méléard and Tran, 2021; Blath and Tóbiás 2020). Here, we examine their combined effects in a unified model. Indeed, we consider the (idealized) scenario of two sub-populations, respectively carrying 'trait 1' and 'trait 2', where trait 1 individuals are able to switch (under competitive pressure) into a dormant state, and trait 2 individuals are able to execute horizontal gene transfer, turning trait 1 individuals into trait 2 ones, at a rate depending on the frequency of individuals. In the large-population limit, we examine the fate of a single trait i individual (a 'mutant') arriving in a trait j resident population living in equilibrium, for $i,j=1,2,i \neq j$. We provide a complete analysis of the invasion dynamics in all cases where the resident population is individually fit and the initial behaviour of the mutant population is non-critical. We identify parameter regimes for the invasion and fixation of the new trait, stable coexistence of the two traits, and 'founder control' (where the initial resident always dominates, irrespective of its trait). The most striking result is that stable coexistence occurs in certain scenarios even if trait 2 (which benefits from transfer at the cost of trait 1) would be unfit when being merely on its own. In the case of founder control, the limiting dynamical system has an unstable coexistence equilibrium. In all cases, we observe the classical (up to 3) phases of invasion dynamics à la Champagnat (2006).
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