机电引导的生长和图案
Electro-mechanically guided growth and patterns
摘要：
几个实验已经证明了在许多生物组织和水凝胶中存在机电效应，以及其对生长、迁移和斑图形成的实际影响。在这里，为了模拟这些相互作用，并捕捉一些生长现象在自然界中发现，我们扩展体积增长理论占电弹性耦合。基于乘法分解，我们给出了电弹性固体在外场和电场作用下各向同性生长和斑图形成的一般分析。作为一个例子，我们处理的情况下，管状结构来说明一个机电引导的轴向应变和径向电压的影响下的增长。我们的数值计算结果表明，高电压可以提高残余应力分布的不均匀性，并诱导拉伸屈曲，而低电压可以延迟的发病的扭曲形状，也可以产生更复杂的形态。在可控范围内，轴向拉伸拉伸显示出稳定管并帮助形成更复杂的3D图案的能力，而压缩拉伸则促进不稳定性。外加电压和外部轴向应变对引导生长和斑图形成都有显著影响。我们的建模提供了一个基本的工具，用于分析电弹性材料的生长，这可能是有用的设计一个模式处方策略或增长自组装工程。
英文摘要：
Several experiments have demonstrated the existence of an electro-mechanical effect in many biological tissues and hydrogels, and its actual influence on growth, migration, and pattern formation. Here, to model these interactions and capture some growth phenomena found in Nature, we extend volume growth theory to account for an electro-elasticity coupling. Based on the multiplicative decomposition, we present a general analysis of isotropic growth and pattern formation of electro-elastic solids under external mechanical and electrical fields. As an example, we treat the case of a tubular structure to illustrate an electro-mechanically guided growth affected by axial strain and radial voltage. Our numerical results show that a high voltage can enhance the non-uniformity of the residual stress distribution and induce extensional buckling, while a low voltage can delay the onset of wrinkling shapes and can also generate more complex morphologies. Within a controllable range, axial tensile stretching shows the ability to stabilise the tube and help form more complex 3D patterns, while compressive stretching promotes instability. Both the applied voltage and external axial strain have a significant impact on guiding growth and pattern formation. Our modelling provides a basic tool for analysing the growth of electro-elastic materials, which can be useful for designing a pattern prescription strategy or growth self-assembly in Engineering.
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