The influence of class orderings in the evaluation of incremental learning has received very little attention. In this paper, we investigate the impact of class orderings for incrementally learned classifiers. We propose a method to compute various orderings for a dataset. The orderings are derived by simulated annealing optimization from the confusion matrix and reflect different incremental learning scenarios, including maximally and minimally confusing tasks. We evaluate a wide range of state-of-the-art incremental learning methods on the proposed orderings. Results show that orderings can have a significant impact on performance and the ranking of the methods.
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）
Incremental few-shot object detection aims at detecting novel classes without forgetting knowledge of the base classes with only a few labeled training data from the novel classes. Most related prior works are on incremental object detection that rely on the availability of abundant training samples per novel class that substantially limits the scalability to real-world setting where novel data can be scarce. In this paper, we propose the Incremental-DETR that does incremental few-shot object detection via fine-tuning and self-supervised learning on the DETR object detector. To alleviate sever…
Deep learning models suffer from catastrophic forgetting of the classes in the older phases as they get trained on the classes introduced in the new phase in the class-incremental learning setting. In this work, we show that the effect of catastrophic forgetting on the model prediction varies with the change in orientation of the same image, which is a novel finding. Based on this, we propose a novel data-ensemble approach that combines the predictions for the different orientations of the image to help the model retain further information regarding the previously seen classes and thereby redu…
University of Windsor（温莎大学）；Higher School of Communication of Tunis（突尼斯高等通信学院）
In this paper we outline a PhD research plan. This research contributes to the field of one-class incremental learning and classification in case of non-stationary environments. The goal of this PhD is to define a new classification framework able to deal with very small learning dataset at the beginning of the process and with abilities to adjust itself according to the variability of the incoming data which create large scale datasets. As a preliminary work, incremental Covariance-guided One-Class Support Vector Machine is proposed to deal with sequentially obtained data. It is inspired from…
Although well-trained deep neural networks have shown remarkable performance on numerous tasks, they rapidly forget what they have learned as soon as they begin to learn with additional data with the previous data stop being provided. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm, Incremental Class Learning with Attribute Sharing (ICLAS), for incremental class learning with deep neural networks. As one of its component, we also introduce a generative model, incGAN, which can generate images with increased variety compared with the training data. Under challenging environment of data deficiency…
Exemplar-Free Class Incremental Learning via Incremental Representation
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Technology and Business University（北京工商大学数学与统计学院）
University of Chinese Academy of Science（中国科学院大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)（中国科学院自动化研究所）
Class incremental learning(CIL) has attracted much attention, but most existing related works focus on fine-tuning the entire representation model, which inevitably results in much catastrophic forgetting. In the contrast, with a semantic-rich pre-trained representation model, parameter-additional-tuning (PAT) only changes very few parameters to learn new visual concepts. Recent studies have proved that PAT-based CIL can naturally avoid fighting against forgetting by replaying or distilling like most of the existing methods. However, we find that PAT-based CIL still faces serious semantic drif…
This paper proposes a working recipe of using Vision Transformer (ViT) in class incremental learning. Although this recipe only combines existing techniques, developing the combination is not trivial. Firstly, naive application of ViT to replace convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in incremental learning results in serious performance degradation. Secondly, we nail down three issues of naively using ViT: (a) ViT has very slow convergence when the number of classes is small, (b) more bias towards new classes is observed in ViT than CNN-based architectures, and (c) the conventional learning rat…
Exemplar-based class-incremental learning is to recognize new classes while not forgetting old ones, whose samples can only be saved in limited memory. The ratio fluctuation of new samples to old exemplars, which is caused by the variation of memory capacity at different environments, will bring challenges to stabilize the incremental optimization process. To address this problem, we propose a novel self-paced imbalance rectification scheme, which dynamically maintains the incremental balance during the representation learning phase. Specifically, our proposed scheme consists of a frequency co…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.（华为技术有限公司）
Few-shot class-incremental learning is to recognize the new classes given few samples and not forget the old classes. It is a challenging task since representation optimization and prototype reorganization can only be achieved under little supervision. To address this problem, we propose a novel incremental prototype learning scheme. Our scheme consists of a random episode selection strategy that adapts the feature representation to various generated incremental episodes to enhance the corresponding extensibility, and a self-promoted prototype refinement mechanism which strengthens the express…
University of Trento（特伦托大学）；Fondazione Bruno Kessler（布鲁诺·凯塞勒基金会）
We study the new task of class-incremental Novel Class Discovery (class-iNCD), which refers to the problem of discovering novel categories in an unlabelled data set by leveraging a pre-trained model that has been trained on a labelled data set containing disjoint yet related categories. Apart from discovering novel classes, we also aim at preserving the ability of the model to recognize previously seen base categories. Inspired by rehearsal-based incremental learning methods, in this paper we propose a novel approach for class-iNCD which prevents forgetting of past information about the base c…
With the rapid development of social media, tremendous videos with new classes are generated daily, which raise an urgent demand for video classification methods that can continuously update new classes while maintaining the knowledge of old videos with limited storage and computing resources. In this paper, we summarize this task as Class-Incremental Video Classification (CIVC) and propose a novel framework to address it. As a subarea of incremental learning tasks, the challenge of catastrophic forgetting is unavoidable in CIVC. To better alleviate it, we utilize some characteristics of video…
Incremental learning is useful if an AI agent needs to integrate data from a stream. The problem is non trivial if the agent runs on a limited computational budget and has a bounded memory of past data. In a deep learning approach, the constant computational budget requires the use of a fixed architecture for all incremental states. The bounded memory generates data imbalance in favor of new classes and a prediction bias toward them appears. This bias is commonly countered by introducing a data balancing step in addition to the basic network training. We depart from this approach and propose s…
Exemplar-free incremental learning is extremely challenging due to inaccessibility of data from old tasks. In this paper, we attempt to exploit the knowledge encoded in a previously trained classification model to handle the catastrophic forgetting problem in continual learning. Specifically, we introduce a so-called knowledge delegator, which is capable of transferring knowledge from the trained model to a randomly re-initialized new model by generating informative samples. Given the previous model only, the delegator is effectively learned using a self-distillation mechanism in a data-free m…
Incremental learning is a form of online learning. Incremental learning can modify the parameters and structure of the deep learning model so that the model does not forget the old knowledge while learning new knowledge. Preventing catastrophic forgetting is the most important task of incremental learning. However, the current incremental learning is often only for one type of input. For example, if the input images are of the same type, the current incremental model can learn new knowledge while not forgetting old knowledge. However, if several categories are added to the input graphics, the …
PILoRA: Prototype Guided Incremental LoRA for Federated Class-Incremental Learning
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）；Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院香港创新研究院人工智能与机器人中心）
Deep learning-based approaches have shown remarkable performance in the 3D object detection task. However, they suffer from a catastrophic performance drop on the originally trained classes when incrementally learning new classes without revisiting the old data. This "catastrophic forgetting" phenomenon impedes the deployment of 3D object detection approaches in real-world scenarios, where continuous learning systems are needed. In this paper, we study the unexplored yet important class-incremental 3D object detection problem and present the first solution - SDCoT, a novel static-dynamic co-te…
Incremental Learning (IL) is useful when artificial systems need to deal with streams of data and do not have access to all data at all times. The most challenging setting requires a constant complexity of the deep model and an incremental model update without access to a bounded memory of past data. Then, the representations of past classes are strongly affected by catastrophic forgetting. To mitigate its negative effect, an adapted fine tuning which includes knowledge distillation is usually deployed. We propose a different approach based on a vanilla fine tuning backbone. It leverages initi…
A method based on one class support vector machine (OCSVM) is proposed for class incremental learning. Several OCSVM models divide the input space into several parts. Then, the 1VS1 classifiers are constructed for the confuse part by using the support vectors. During the class incremental learning process, the OCSVM of the new class is trained at first. Then the support vectors of the old classes and the support vectors of the new class are reused to train 1VS1 classifiers for the confuse part. In order to bring more information to the certain support vectors, the support vectors are at the bo…
Samsung AI Centre, Cambridge（三星人工智能中心（剑桥））；University of Surrey（萨里大学）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）
Most existing object detection methods rely on the availability of abundant labelled training samples per class and offline model training in a batch mode. These requirements substantially limit their scalability to open-ended accommodation of novel classes with limited labelled training data. We present a study aiming to go beyond these limitations by considering the Incremental Few-Shot Detection (iFSD) problem setting, where new classes must be registered incrementally (without revisiting base classes) and with few examples. To this end we propose OpeN-ended Centre nEt (ONCE), a detector de…
Porsche Engineering Services GmbH（保时捷工程服务有限公司）；Fraunhofer IOSB（弗劳恩霍夫光学、系统技术与图像利用研究所）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）
The field of continual deep learning is an emerging field and a lot of progress has been made. However, concurrently most of the approaches are only tested on the task of image classification, which is not relevant in the field of intelligent vehicles. Only recently approaches for class-incremental semantic segmentation were proposed. However, all of those approaches are based on some form of knowledge distillation. At the moment there are no investigations on replay-based approaches that are commonly used for object recognition in a continual setting. At the same time while unsupervised domai…
We tackle catastrophic forgetting problem in the context of class-incremental learning for video recognition, which has not been explored actively despite the popularity of continual learning. Our framework addresses this challenging task by introducing time-channel importance maps and exploiting the importance maps for learning the representations of incoming examples via knowledge distillation. We also incorporate a regularization scheme in our objective function, which encourages individual features obtained from different time steps in a video to be uncorrelated and eventually improves acc…
In this paper, we focus on a new and challenging decentralized machine learning paradigm in which there are continuous inflows of data to be addressed and the data are stored in multiple repositories. We initiate the study of data decentralized class-incremental learning (DCIL) by making the following contributions. Firstly, we formulate the DCIL problem and develop the experimental protocol. Secondly, we introduce a paradigm to create a basic decentralized counterpart of typical (centralized) class-incremental learning approaches, and as a result, establish a benchmark for the DCIL study. Thi…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Zhejiang Lab（之江实验室）；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）
Conventional detection networks usually need abundant labeled training samples, while humans can learn new concepts incrementally with just a few examples. This paper focuses on a more challenging but realistic class-incremental few-shot object detection problem (iFSD). It aims to incrementally transfer the model for novel objects from only a few annotated samples without catastrophically forgetting the previously learned ones. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel method LEAST, which can transfer with Less forgetting, fEwer training resources, And Stronger Transfer capability. Specifical…
North South University（北南大学）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织）；University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；The University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）
Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) aims to incrementally fine-tune a model (trained on base classes) for a novel set of classes using a few examples without forgetting the previous training. Recent efforts address this problem primarily on 2D images. However, due to the advancement of camera technology, 3D point cloud data has become more available than ever, which warrants considering FSCIL on 3D data. This paper addresses FSCIL in the 3D domain. In addition to well-known issues of catastrophic forgetting of past knowledge and overfitting of few-shot data, 3D FSCIL can bring newer ch…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center（合肥综合性国家科学中心人工智能研究院）；University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）
Non-exemplar class-incremental learning is to recognize both the old and new classes when old class samples cannot be saved. It is a challenging task since representation optimization and feature retention can only be achieved under supervision from new classes. To address this problem, we propose a novel self-sustaining representation expansion scheme. Our scheme consists of a structure reorganization strategy that fuses main-branch expansion and side-branch updating to maintain the old features, and a main-branch distillation scheme to transfer the invariant knowledge. Furthermore, a prototy…
University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission（太平洋州海洋渔业委员会）；National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration（美国国家海洋和大气管理局）
The goal of electronic monitoring of longline fishing is to visually monitor the fish catching activities on fishing vessels based on cameras, either for regulatory compliance or catch counting. The previous hierarchical classification method demonstrates efficient fish species identification of catches from longline fishing, where fishes are under severe deformation and self-occlusion during the catching process. Although the hierarchical classification mitigates the laborious efforts of human reviews by providing confidence scores in different hierarchical levels, its performance drops drama…
Sculpting Margin Penalty: Intra-Task Adapter Merging and Classifier Calibration for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning
School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology（计算机科学与技术学院，北京理工大学）；School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology（光学与 photonics 学院，北京理工大学）；School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology（医学技术学院，北京理工大学）
Few-shot Class-incremental Learning for Cross-domain Disease Classification
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Pengcheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）
Computer Vision Center（计算机视觉中心）；Media Integration and Communication Center（媒体融合与传播中心）
For future learning systems, incremental learning is desirable because it allows for: efficient resource usage by eliminating the need to retrain from scratch at the arrival of new data; reduced memory usage by preventing or limiting the amount of data required to be stored -- also important when privacy limitations are imposed; and learning that more closely resembles human learning. The main challenge for incremental learning is catastrophic forgetting, which refers to the precipitous drop in performance on previously learned tasks after learning a new one. Incremental learning of deep neura…
Traditional learning systems are trained in closed-world for a fixed number of classes, and need pre-collected datasets in advance. However, new classes often emerge in real-world applications and should be learned incrementally. For example, in electronic commerce, new types of products appear daily, and in a social media community, new topics emerge frequently. Under such circumstances, incremental models should learn several new classes at a time without forgetting. We find a strong correlation between old and new classes in incremental learning, which can be applied to relate and facilitat…
Incremental learning attempts to develop a classifier which learns continuously from a stream of data segregated into different classes. Deep learning approaches suffer from catastrophic forgetting when learning classes incrementally, while most incremental learning approaches require a large amount of training data per class. We examine the problem of incremental learning using only a few training examples, referred to as Few-Shot Incremental Learning (FSIL). To solve this problem, we propose a novel approach inspired by the concept learning model of the hippocampus and the neocortex that rep…
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Samsung Research America（三星美国研究院）
Modern computer vision applications suffer from catastrophic forgetting when incrementally learning new concepts over time. The most successful approaches to alleviate this forgetting require extensive replay of previously seen data, which is problematic when memory constraints or data legality concerns exist. In this work, we consider the high-impact problem of Data-Free Class-Incremental Learning (DFCIL), where an incremental learning agent must learn new concepts over time without storing generators or training data from past tasks. One approach for DFCIL is to replay synthetic images produ…
Class-incremental learning (CIL) learns a classification model with training data of different classes arising progressively. Existing CIL either suffers from serious accuracy loss due to catastrophic forgetting, or invades data privacy by revisiting used exemplars. Inspired by linear learning formulations, we propose an analytic class-incremental learning (ACIL) with absolute memorization of past knowledge while avoiding breaching of data privacy (i.e., without storing historical data). The absolute memorization is demonstrated in the sense that class-incremental learning using ACIL given pre…
Traditional machine learning systems are deployed under the closed-world setting, which requires the entire training data before the offline training process. However, real-world applications often face the incoming new classes, and a model should incorporate them continually. The learning paradigm is called Class-Incremental Learning (CIL). We propose a Python toolbox that implements several key algorithms for class-incremental learning to ease the burden of researchers in the machine learning community. The toolbox contains implementations of a number of founding works of CIL such as EWC and…
ShanghaiTech University（上海科技大学）；Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Vision and Imaging（上海智能视觉与成像工程技术研究中心）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
We address the problem of class incremental learning, which is a core step towards achieving adaptive vision intelligence. In particular, we consider the task setting of incremental learning with limited memory and aim to achieve better stability-plasticity trade-off. To this end, we propose a novel two-stage learning approach that utilizes a dynamically expandable representation for more effective incremental concept modeling. Specifically, at each incremental step, we freeze the previously learned representation and augment it with additional feature dimensions from a new learnable feature e…
While many works on Continual Learning have shown promising results for mitigating catastrophic forgetting, they have relied on supervised training. To successfully learn in a label-agnostic incremental setting, a model must distinguish between learned and novel classes to properly include samples for training. We introduce a novelty detection method that leverages network confusion caused by training incoming data as a new class. We found that incorporating a class-imbalance during this detection method substantially enhances performance. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated acro…
