边界条件在散射观测量量子计算中的作用
The role of boundary conditions in quantum computations of scattering observables
摘要：
量子计算可能提供机会来模拟强相互作用的场论，如量子色动力学，与物理时间演化。这将使人们能够使用闵可夫斯基签名的计算器，而不是目前常规进行的欧几里得计算。然而，与当今的计算一样，量子计算策略仍然需要限制到有限的系统大小，包括有限的，通常是周期性的空间体积。在这项工作中，我们调查的后果，这在提取强子和类康普顿散射振幅。使用Phys. Rev. D101 014509（2020）中提出的框架，我们量化了各种$1+1$ D Minkowski签名量的体积效应，并表明这些可能是系统不确定性的重要来源，即使是按照当今欧几里得计算的标准非常大的体积。然后，我们提出了一种改进策略，基于这样一个事实，即有限体积具有减少的对称性。这意味着产生相同洛伦兹不变量的运动学点在有限体积系统中可能仍然是物理上不同的。正如我们所证明的，无论是数值和分析，平均在这样的集合可以显着抑制不必要的体积失真，提高提取的物理散射振幅。
英文摘要：
Quantum computing may offer the opportunity to simulate strongly-interacting field theories, such as quantum chromodynamics, with physical time evolution. This would give access to Minkowski-signature correlators, in contrast to the Euclidean calculations routinely performed at present. However, as with present-day calculations, quantum computation strategies still require the restriction to a finite system size, including a finite, usually periodic, spatial volume. In this work, we investigate the consequences of this in the extraction of hadronic and Compton-like scattering amplitudes. Using the framework presented in Phys. Rev. D101 014509 (2020), we quantify the volume effects for various $1+1$D Minkowski-signature quantities and show that these can be a significant source of systematic uncertainty, even for volumes that are very large by the standards of present-day Euclidean calculations. We then present an improvement strategy, based in the fact that the finite volume has a reduced symmetry. This implies that kinematic points, which yield the same Lorentz invariants, may still be physically distinct in the finite-volume system. As we demonstrate, both numerically and analytically, averaging over such sets can significantly suppress the unwanted volume distortions and improve the extraction of the physical scattering amplitudes.
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