与温度有关的Casimir力：反复出现的微妙之处
Temperature dependent Casimir forces: recurring subtleties
摘要：
两个理想导电表面之间的卡西米尔力是一个特殊的（零温度）极限的更一般的理论，由于Lifshitz。温度相关理论包括传导、介电和磁性介质中耦合量子和经典涨落模式的相关性。如果表面处于不同的温度，则假设这些模式可能充当耦合弹簧，即使通过真空也将热能从较热的表面传递到较冷的表面。最近的实验似乎证实了这一预测，但数据与卡西米尔的原始表达式的预测进行了比较，而不是完全依赖于温度的理论。这是文献中常见的错误。另一个错误是忽略了实际导电表面（在这种情况下是金）可能远非理想的事实，并且可能需要高达25%的校正因子。这里我们给出这两种修正的数值。看起来它们可能不会影响最近实验的基本结论，但带回家的信息是，在解释卡西米尔（Lifshitz）效应的扩展时需要小心，这在广泛的科学问题中越来越多地出现。
英文摘要：
The Casimir force between two ideal conducting surfaces is a special (zero temperature) limit of a more general theory due to Lifshitz. The temperature dependent theory includes correlations in coupled quantum and classical fluctuation modes for conducting, dielectric and magnetic media. If the surfaces are at different temperatures, it has been postulated that these modes might act as a coupling spring, transferring thermal energy from the hotter to the colder even through a vacuum. Recent experiments have appeared to confirm this prediction, but the data were compared with the predictions of Casimir's original expression, rather than those of the full temperature-dependent theory. This is a common error in the literature. Another error is to ignore the fact that real conducting surfaces (gold in this case) can be far from ideal, and that a correction factor of up to 25% may be required. Here we give numerical values for both of these corrections. It appears that they may not affect the basic conclusions from recent experiments, but the take-home message is that care is needed in the interpretation of extensions of Casimir (Lifshitz) effects, which are increasingly emerging across a wide range of scientific problems.
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