双能X射线暗场材料分解
Dual-energy X-ray dark-field material decomposition
摘要：
双能量成像是一种临床上成熟的技术，与传统的X射线成像相比具有几个优点。通过用两种不同的X射线光谱进行测量，利用能量依赖衰减的差异来获得材料特定的信息。该信息用于各种成像应用，以改善临床诊断。近年来，基于光栅的X射线暗场成像在成像领域受到越来越多的关注。X射线暗场信号源自对象内的超小角度散射，因此提供了远低于成像系统的空间分辨率的关于微结构的信息。这一特性导致了目前正在研究的一些有前途的未来成像应用。然而，由于检测到的暗场信号仅代表超小角度散射的总量，因此使用当前的X射线暗场成像技术很难区分不同的微结构。为了克服这些局限性，我们提出了一种新的概念，称为双能X射线暗场材料分解，转移的基本材料分解方法从基于衰减的双能成像暗场成像模式。我们开发了一个双能暗场材料分解的物理模型和算法，并在实验测量中评估了所提出的概念。我们的研究结果表明，通过使用两种不同的X射线光谱对能量依赖的暗场信号进行采样，可以分解成两种不同的微结构材料。与双能量成像类似，额外的微结构特异性信息可能对临床诊断有用。
英文摘要：
Dual-energy imaging is a clinically well-established technique that offers several advantages over conventional X-ray imaging. By performing measurements with two distinct X-ray spectra, differences in energy-dependent attenuation are exploited to obtain material-specific information. This information is used in various imaging applications to improve clinical diagnosis. In recent years, grating-based X-ray dark-field imaging has received increasing attention in the imaging community. The X-ray dark-field signal originates from ultra small-angle scattering within an object and thus provides information about the microstructure far below the spatial resolution of the imaging system. This property has led to a number of promising future imaging applications that are currently being investigated. However, different microstructures can hardly be distinguished with current X-ray dark-field imaging techniques, since the detected dark-field signal only represents the total amount of ultra small-angle scattering. To overcome these limitations, we present a novel concept called dual-energy X-ray dark-field material decomposition, which transfers the basic material decomposition approach from attenuation-based dual-energy imaging to the dark-field imaging modality. We develop a physical model and algorithms for dual-energy dark-field material decomposition and evaluate the proposed concept in experimental measurements. Our results suggest that by sampling the energy-dependent dark-field signal with two different X-ray spectra, a decomposition into two different microstructured materials is possible. Similar to dual-energy imaging, the additional microstructure-specific information could be useful for clinical diagnosis.
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