实际高压电网中发电量波动时的一次控制作用
Primary Control Effort under Fluctuating Power Generation in Realistic High-Voltage Power Networks
摘要：
近年来，电力系统控制领域的许多研究工作都通过外部扰动下的全局性能指标来研究系统的同步问题。这种方法的动机是电网运行的根本变化，特别是用新的可再生能源取代传统的发电厂。这种替代将同时增加发电的波动并减少可用的机械惯性。了解这两种演变对电网稳定性的影响程度至关重要。除了极少数的例外，大多数是数值上的例外，早期的性能指标工作不得不依赖于网格同质性的不切实际的假设。在这里，我们表明，修改后的谱分解可以解决这个问题，在不均匀的电网中的情况下，扰动发生在时间尺度上的固有的时间尺度相比，网格。我们发现，特别是长特征时间的扰动所产生的瞬态偏移的大小不依赖于惯性。对于大陆规模的高压电网，这对应于在几秒或更长时间尺度上相关的功率波动。我们的结论是，新的可再生能源所产生的电力波动本身将不需要部署额外的转动惯量。我们数值说明了我们的IEEE 118-Bus测试案例和欧洲大陆的同步电网模型的结果。
英文摘要：
Many recent works in control of electric power systems have investigated their synchronization through global performance metrics under external disturbances. The approach is motivated by fundamental changes in the operation of power grids, in particular by the substitution of conventional power plants with new renewable sources of electrical energy. This substitution will simultaneously increase fluctuations in power generation and reduce the available mechanical inertia. It is crucial to understand how strongly these two evolutions will impact grid stability. With very few, mostly numerical exceptions, earlier works on performance metrics had to rely on unrealistic assumptions of grid homogeneity. Here we show that a modified spectral decomposition can tackle that issue in inhomogeneous power grids in cases where disturbances occur on time scales that are long compared to the intrinsic time scales of the grid. We find in particular that the magnitude of the transient excursion generated by disturbances with long characteristic times does not depend on inertia. For continental-size, high-voltage power grids, this corresponds to power fluctuations that are correlated on time scales of few seconds or more. We conclude that power fluctuations arising from new renewables will not require per se the deployment of additional rotational inertia. We numerically illustrate our results on the IEEE 118-Bus test case and a model of the synchronous grid of continental Europe.
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