用开放和更热的宇宙缓解宇宙紧张局势
Easing cosmic tensions with an open and hotter universe
摘要：
尽管标准宇宙学模型在观测上取得了巨大的成功，但在一些宇宙学数据集中，推断出的参数约束存在一些差异。其中包括从宇宙微波背景（CMB）推断的宇宙膨胀率与从本地测量发现的宇宙膨胀率之间的紧张关系，CMB透镜效应的增强幅度的偏好，CMB波动的四极矩有点低，以及在大尺度结构调查中比从CMB推断的物质波动幅度较低的偏好。我们在增加空间曲率和可能偏离其局部测量值的自由宇宙微波背景温度的情况下分析了这些观测张力。包括这些参数，我们观察到的趋势，从CMB和重子声学振荡数据的参数约束朝向一个开放的和更热的宇宙与更大的电流膨胀率，标准的CMB透镜振幅，较低的振幅的物质波动，并稍微降低CMB四极矩，不断减少宇宙学数据集之间的个人紧张局势。结合这些数据与当地的距离测量，我们发现一个开放和更热的宇宙超过99.7%的置信水平的偏好。最后，我们简要地讨论了一个本地的空白作为一个可能的来源，本地测量的CMB温度从其背景值的偏差，并模仿负空间曲率的CMB光子。这种解释意味着在我们的局部邻域中有一个$\sim$ 20%的密度不足，直径为$\sim$ 10-100 Mpc，这完全在宇宙方差之内。
英文摘要：
Despite the great observational success of the standard cosmological model some discrepancies in the inferred parameter constraints have manifested among a number of cosmological data sets. These include a tension between the expansion rate of our Cosmos as inferred from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and as found from local measurements, the preference for an enhanced amplitude of CMB lensing, a somewhat low quadrupole moment of the CMB fluctuations as well as a preference for a lower amplitude of matter fluctuations in large-scale structure surveys than inferred from the CMB. We analyse these observational tensions under the addition of spatial curvature and a free CMB background temperature that may deviate from its locally measured value. With inclusion of these parameters, we observe a trend in the parameter constraints from CMB and baryon acoustic oscillation data towards an open and hotter universe with larger current expansion rate, standard CMB lensing amplitudes, lower amplitude of matter fluctuations, and marginally lower CMB quadrupole moment, consistently reducing the individual tensions among the cosmological data sets. Combining this data with local distance measurements, we find a preference for an open and hotter universe beyond the 99.7% confidence level. Finally, we briefly discuss a local void as a possible source for a deviation of the locally measured CMB temperature from its background value and as mimic of negative spatial curvature for CMB photons. This interpretation implies a $\sim$20% underdensity in our local neighbourhood of $\sim$10-100 Mpc in diameter, which is well within cosmic variance.
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