运动电偶极子和磁偶极子上的自作用力：偶极子辐射、Vavilov-Čerenkov辐射、与导电表面的摩擦和爱因斯坦-霍普夫效应
Self-force on moving electric and magnetic dipoles: dipole radiation, Vavilov-Čerenkov radiation, friction with a conducting surface, and the Einstein-Hopf effect
摘要：
考虑了在真空中和介质中作匀速运动的任意含时电偶极子或磁偶极子的经典电磁自力。当然，在真空中，这样的粒子上没有净力。相反，由于辐射导致粒子的质量损失，自作用力精确地抵消了这种惯性效应，因此在非相对论和相对论两种情况下，在不考虑辐射场或辐射反应的情况下，推导出了偶极辐射辐射能量的光谱分布。如果粒子在均匀介质中的运动速度超过光速，则产生瓦维洛夫-切伦科夫辐射。这是由不同的偏振态，在协议与早期的结果弗兰克。研究了平行于不完全导电表面运动的点偶极所经历的摩擦。最后，重新推导了量子/热爱因斯坦-霍普夫效应。我们得到一个封闭的形式的光谱分布的力，并证明，即使原子和黑体背景有独立的温度，力确实是一个阻力的情况下，极化率的虚部是成比例的功率的频率。
英文摘要：
The classical electromagnetic self-force on an arbitrary time-dependent electric or magnetic dipole moving with constant velocity in vacuum, and in a medium, is considered. Of course, in vacuum there is no net force on such a particle. Rather, because of loss of mass by the particle due to radiation, the self-force precisely cancels this inertial effect, and thus the spectral distribution of the energy radiated by dipole radiation is deduced without any consideration of radiation fields or of radiation reaction, in both the nonrelativistic and relativistic regimes. If the particle is moving in a homogeneous medium faster than the speed of light in the medium, Vavilov-Čerenkov radiation results. This is derived for the different polarization states, in agreement with the earlier results of Frank. The friction experienced by a point (time-independent) dipole moving parallel to an imperfectly conducting surface is examined. Finally, the quantum/thermal Einstein-Hopf effect is rederived. We obtain a closed form for the spectral distribution of the force, and demonstrate that, even if the atom and the blackbody background have independent temperatures, the force is indeed a drag in the case that the imaginary part of the polarizability is proportional to a power of the frequency.
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