关于南洞星光偏振的已知信息
What is Known About the Polarization of Starlight in the Southern Hole
摘要：
宇宙学中最大的谜团之一是平坦性问题，涉及宇宙缺乏曲率，以及均匀性问题，质疑为什么宇宙几乎是各向同性的，尽管有因果分离的区域。这些问题成为暴胀理论的动机，它暗示了早期宇宙的指数膨胀时期，宇宙的暴胀起源可以通过B模式偏振来追踪。为了更好地了解潜在的前景系统学，特别是偏振尘埃排放的水平，我们查询了Heiles目录，以产生所谓的“南洞”中的星光偏振数据列表，南洞是一个以RA：$00^h12^m00^s$和DEC：$-59°18'00''$为中心的近似$20\times20$度区域，正在通过多个CMB偏振实验进行检查。由于磁场倾向于决定尘埃颗粒的方向，这反过来又决定了星光如何偏振，星光偏振可以用来追踪磁场。因此，为了提高我们对这一区域性质的理解，我们使用了这个目录，以及盖亚数据作为尘埃三维分布的示踪剂，作为南洞区域整个星系磁场方向的潜在指标。然后，我们分析了这些数据，希望磁场数据可以用来创建一个模板，以帮助减去污染的CMB B模式搜索的极化尘埃排放。虽然分析的结果是有希望的，但我们发现，目前可用的数据严重不足，无法创建模板，因此表明在偏振测量方面需要改进和更均匀地覆盖南洞。
英文摘要：
Among the greatest mysteries in cosmology are the flatness problem, concerning the lack of curvature of the universe, and the homogeneity problem, questioning why the universe is almost isotropic despite having regions that are causally disconnected. These problems served as motivation for the theory of inflation, which suggests a period of exponential expansion in the early universe, and the inflationary origin of the universe can be traced by B-mode polarization. In an effort to better understand the potential foreground systematics, especially the levels of polarized dust emission, we queried the Heiles catalog to produce a list of starlight polarization data in the so-called "Southern Hole", which is an approximately $20\times20$ degree region centered at RA: $00^h12^m00^s$ and DEC: $-59°18'00''$ that is being examined by multiple CMB polarization experiments. Because magnetic field tends to dictate the orientation of dust grains, which in turn determines how starlight is polarized, starlight polarization can be used to trace magnetic fields. Therefore, to improve our understanding of the properties of this region, we used this catalog, along with Gaia data as tracers of the three-dimensional distribution of dust, as a potential indicator of magnetic field orientation throughout the galaxy in the Southern Hole region. We then analyzed these data with the hope that magnetic field data can be used to create a template to aid in subtracting away the contamination of CMB B-mode searches by polarized dust emission. While the results of the analysis are promising, we found that the currently available data are severely inadequate for the purpose of creating a template, thus demonstrating the need for improved and more uniform coverage of the Southern Hole when it comes to polarization measurements.
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