arXiv 2006.145452020-06hep-phhep-thnucl-th

大氮QCD的热力学及亚稳相的性质

The thermodynamics of large-N QCD and the nature of metastable phases

Thomas D. Cohen, Scott Lawrence, Yukari Yamauchi

备注：: 12 pages, 3 figures; version for PRC
发表信息：: Phys. Rev. C 102, 065206 (2020)
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevC.102.065206

摘要：

在大量的颜色（N）的限制下，杨米尔斯和量子色动力学都被认为有一个一级相变分离的限制强子相和解除限制等离子体相。这种分离的一个方面是，在大N时，可以明确地识别强耦合的等离子体状态。一级跃迁的存在表明强子相可以过热而等离子体相可以过冷。在大N下出现的过冷去限制等离子体，如果存在的话，具有显著的性质，即它具有负的绝对压强--即低于真空的压强。对于在1/N展开式中为1阶的能量密度，但在强子过热相的端点之外，可以存在由在1/N展开式中质量为1阶的普通强子组成的均匀物质的描述，并且表现为好像它具有1阶的温度$T_H$。然而，规范描述和微规范描述之间的联系中断了，系统不能完全平衡为$N \rightarrow \infty$。相反，在强子描述中，能量被推向质量任意大的强子。对于这样的系统，大体积的热力学极限变得微妙：能量密度不再密集。这些结论如下提供标准的大N标度规则举行，在大N系统经历了一个通用的一级相变之间的强子和等离子体阶段和介子和胶球遵循哈格多恩型谱。

英文摘要：

In the limit of a large number of colors (N), both Yang-Mills and quantum chromodynamics are expected to have a first-order phase transition separating a confined hadronic phase and a deconfined plasma phase. One aspect of this separation is that at large N, one can unambiguously identify a plasma regime that is strongly coupled. The existence of a first-order transition suggests that the hadronic phase can be superheated and the plasma phase supercooled. The supercooled deconfined plasma present at large N, if it exists, has the remarkable property that it has negative absolute pressure -- i.e. a pressure below that of the vacuum. For energy densities of order unity in a 1/N expansion but beyond the endpoint of the hadronic superheated phase, a description of homogeneous matter composed of ordinary hadrons with masses of order unity in a 1/N expansion can exist, and acts as though it has a temperature of $T_H$ in order unity. However, the connection between the canonical and microcanonical descriptions breaks down and the system cannot fully equilibrate as $N \rightarrow \infty$. Rather, in a hadronic description, energy is pushed to hadrons with masses that are arbitrarily large. The thermodynamic limit of large volumes becomes subtle for such systems: the energy density is no longer intensive. These conclusions follow provided that standard large N scaling rules hold, the system at large N undergoes a generic first-order phase transition between the hadronic and plasma phases and that the mesons and glueballs follow a Hagedorn-type spectrum.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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