作为理想电子波导的磷pnp结
Phosphorene pnp junctions as perfect electron waveguides
摘要：
研究了磷烯pnp结中的电流流动。在结的界面处，发生全方向的全反射，称为反超克莱因隧穿，因为这种效应不是由于能量禁带而是由于赝自旋阻挡。反超克莱因隧穿将电子限制在结内，因此代表了完美的无损电子波导。通过将格林函数方法应用到磷烯的紧束缚模型上来计算电流，观察到窄电子束在这些波导中像光纤中的光束一样传播。对于电子束的所有转向角，发现了完美的引导，因为全反射不依赖于临界角的存在。对于低电子能量和窄结，波导的导模观察。波导仅针对结的特定取向无任何损耗地操作。对于任意取向，微小的泄漏电流被发现，但衰减为低电子能量和掠入射角。结果表明，十字路口形pnp结可以用来分裂和引导电流在磷烯。所提出的器件，磷烯pnp结作为一个无损耗的电子波导，可能不仅在纳米电子学，而且在量子信息技术中找到应用。
英文摘要：
The current flow in phosphorene pnp junctions is studied. At the interfaces of the junction, omni-directional total reflection takes place, named anti-super-Klein tunneling, as this effect is not due to an energetically forbidden region but due to pseudo-spin blocking. The anti-super-Klein tunneling confines electrons within the junction, which thus represents a perfect lossless electron waveguide. Calculating the current flow by applying the Green's function method onto a tight-binding model of phosphorene, it is observed that narrow electron beams propagate in these waveguides like light beams in optical fibers. The perfect guiding is found for all steering angles of the electron beam as the total reflection does not rely on the existence of a critical angle. For low electron energies and narrow junctions, the guided modes of the waveguide are observed. The waveguide operates without any loss only for a specific orientation of the junction. For arbitrary orientations, minor leakage currents are found, which however decay for low electron energies and grazing incidence angles. It is shown that a crossroad shaped pnp junction can be used to split and direct the current flow in phosphorene. The proposed device, a phosphorene pnp junction as a lossless electron waveguide, may not only find applications in nanoelectronics but also in quantum information technology.
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