引力束缚粒子的恒星盆地
Stellar Basins of Gravitationally Bound Particles
摘要：
一个新的物理现象被确定：体积恒星发射到引力束缚轨道的弱耦合粒子，如轴子，模量，隐藏的光子，中微子。虽然只是恒星瞬时光度的一小部分（绝大多数发射是相对论模式），但这些粒子持续注入相空间的一小部分，导致它们在天体物理学的长时间尺度上积累，形成我称之为“恒星盆地”，类似于地质学。太阳盆地的能量密度将在仅仅一百万年后超过地球位置的相对论性太阳通量，对于任何通过发射过程产生的足够长寿命的粒子，其矩阵元素在低动量下未被抑制。这一观测结果对直接探测实验有着直接而显著的影响--包括独立于暗物质假设的轴子参数空间的新限制--也可能增加间接探测致密恒星周围弱相互作用粒子的前景。
英文摘要：
A new physical phenomenon is identified: volumetric stellar emission into gravitationally bound orbits of weakly coupled particles such as axions, moduli, hidden photons, and neutrinos. While only a tiny fraction of the instantaneous luminosity of a star (the vast majority of the emission is into relativistic modes), the continual injection of these particles into a small part of phase space causes them to accumulate over astrophysically long time scales, forming what I call a "stellar basin", in analogy with the geologic kind. The energy density of the Solar basin will surpass that of the relativistic Solar flux at Earth's location after only a million years, for any sufficiently long-lived particle produced through an emission process whose matrix elements are unsuppressed at low momentum. This observation has immediate and striking consequences for direct detection experiments---including new limits on axion parameter space independent of dark matter assumptions---and may also increase the prospects for indirect detection of weakly interacting particles around compact stars.
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