LiHoF $_4$：伊辛铁磁体中的立方退磁因子
LiHoF$_4$: Cuboidal Demagnetizing Factor in an Ising Ferromagnet
摘要：
退磁因子对铁磁体的物理性质有重要影响。对于立方体样品，它取决于磁化率和确定这个函数的历史问题继续产生理论和实验挑战。为了测试最近的理论，我们测量的磁化率的伊辛偶极铁磁体LiHoF $_4$，使用不同的纵横比的样品，我们重新考虑必要的退磁变换，以获得本征材料的磁化率。我们的实验结果证实，材料的微观细节显着影响的转变，如预测。特别是，我们发现，单轴伊辛自旋需要一个退磁变换，海森堡自旋所需的不同，使用错误的退磁变换将导致不可接受的大误差的测量系统的物理性质。我们的研究结果进一步阐明了有序铁磁体的神秘的“平坦”磁化率的起源，通过证明有序铁磁相的固有磁化率是无限的，无论样品形状如何。
英文摘要：
The demagnetizing factor has an important effect on the physics of ferromagnets. For cuboidal samples it depends on susceptibility and the historic problem of determining this function continues to generate theoretical and experimental challenges. To test a recent theory, we measure the magnetic susceptibility of the Ising dipolar ferromagnet LiHoF$_4$, using samples of varying aspect ratio, and we reconsider the demagnetizing transformation necessary to obtain the intrinsic material susceptibility. Our experimental results confirm that the microscopic details of the material significantly affect the transformation, as predicted. In particular, we find that the uniaxial Ising spins require a demagnetizing transformation that differs from the one needed for Heisenberg spins and that use of the wrong demagnetizing transformation would result in unacceptably large errors in the measured physical properties of the system. Our results further shed light on the origin of the mysterious `flat' susceptibility of ordered ferromagnets by demonstrating that the intrinsic susceptibility of the ordered ferromagnetic phase is infinite, regardless of sample shape.
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