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arXiv 2006.09357physics.bio-phq-bio.BMq-bio.PE
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ATP合酶:进化、能量学和膜相互作用

ATP synthase: evolution, energetics, and membrane interactions

Jasmine A Nirody, Itay Budin, Padmini Rangamani

摘要:

生命的“通用能量货币”ATP的合成是生物系统中最普遍的化学反应,并且负责为几乎所有的细胞过程提供燃料,从神经冲动传播到DNA合成。ATP酶是一种完成这一无休止任务的酶家族,它几乎和它们负责制造的能量分子一样无处不在。F型ATP合酶(F-ATP酶)存在于生命的各个领域,据信早在15亿年前这些谱系的分歧之前。因此,这些酶促进了生物体在从深海热喷口到人类肠道等各种生境中的生存。在这篇综述中,我们提出了一个概述的F-型ATP酶的结构和功能的现有知识,突出了几个适应的特点,跨类群。我们强调在酶的特定脂质环境的背景下研究这些特征的重要性:正如生物体与其物理环境之间的相互作用塑造其进化轨迹一样,ATP酶受到它们所在的膜的影响。我们认为,全面了解膜蛋白的结构,功能和进化-包括ATP合酶-需要这样一个综合的方法。

英文摘要:

The synthesis of ATP, life's 'universal energy currency', is the most prevalent chemical reaction in biological systems, and is responsible for fueling nearly all cellular processes, from nerve impulse propagation to DNA synthesis. ATP synthases, the family of enzymes that carry out this endless task, are nearly as ubiquitous as the energy-laden molecule they are responsible for making. The F-type ATP synthase (F-ATPase) is found in every domain of life, and is believed to predate the divergence of these lineages over 1.5 billion years ago. These enzymes have therefore facilitated the survival of organisms in a wide range of habitats, ranging from the deep-sea thermal vents to the human intestine. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of the structure and function of F-type ATPases, highlighting several adaptations that have been characterized across taxa. We emphasize the importance of studying these features within the context of the enzyme's particular lipid environment: Just as the interactions between an organism and its physical environment shape its evolutionary trajectory, ATPases are impacted by the membranes within which they reside. We argue that a comprehensive understanding of the structure, function, and evolution of membrane proteins -- including ATP synthase -- requires such an integrative approach.

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