使用环形等离子体元传感器的SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的飞秒水平检测
Femtomolar-level detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins using toroidal plasmonic metasensors
摘要：
有效和高效地管理人β冠状病毒严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）-CoV-2感染，即，2019冠状病毒病大流行，需要敏感的传感器进行诊断，样本到结果的持续时间短。在这个方向上，在低水平（fmol）检测SARS-CoV-2的适当替代方法之一是探索用于COVID-19诊断的等离子体元传感器技术，这为先进的医疗保健计划和现代临床诊断提供了极好的机会。等离子体元传感器的内在优点源于它们同时在频率、时间和空间上挤压电磁场的能力。然而，在低密度下检测低分子量生物分子是常规元传感器的典型缺点，其最近已经使用环形元表面技术解决。本研究报道了基于环形电动力学概念的小型化等离子体免疫传感器的制造，该等离子体免疫传感器可以在太赫兹（THz）频率下维持具有超箭头线形的鲁棒受限等离子体模式。通过使用我们的准无限元表面和基于与SARS-CoV-2的特异性单克隆抗体缀合到元表面上的功能化金纳米颗粒（NPs）的明智优化的方案来激发环形偶极模式，监测不同浓度的刺突蛋白的共振位移。具有约76 kDa的分子量使我们能够检测到具有显著低LoD约4.2 fmol的刺突蛋白的存在。
英文摘要：
Effective and efficient management of human betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 infection i.e., COVID-19 pandemic, required sensitive sensors with short sample-to-result durations for performing diagnostics. In this direction, one of appropriate alternative approach to detect SARS-CoV-2 at low level (fmol) is exploring plasmonic metasensor technology for COVID-19 diagnostics, which offers exquisite opportunities in advanced healthcare programs, and modern clinical diagnostics. The intrinsic merits of plasmonic metasensors stem from their capability to squeeze electromagnetic fields, simultaneously in frequency, time, and space. However, the detection of low-molecular weight biomolecules at low densities is a typical drawback of conventional metasensors that has recently been addressed using toroidal metasurface technology. This research reports fabrication of a miniaturized plasmonic immunosensor based on toroidal electrodynamics concept that can sustain robustly confined plasmonic modes with ultranarrow lineshapes in the terahertz (THz) frequencies. By exciting toroidal dipole mode using our quasi-infinite metasurface and a judiciously optimized protocol based on functionalized gold nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with the specific monoclonal antibody of SARS-CoV-2 onto the metasurface, the resonance shifts for diverse concentrations of the spike protein is monitored. Possessing molecular weight around ~76 kDa allowed us to detect the presence of spike protein with significantly low LoD ~4.2 fmol.
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