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arXiv 2006.07889cs.LGstat.ML
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基于局部子图的图元学习

Graph Meta Learning via Local Subgraphs

Harvard University(哈佛大学)

Kexin Huang, Marinka Zitnik

摘要:

现有的图的学习方法需要大量的标号和边信息。当新任务的数据稀缺时,元学习可以从先前的经验中学习,并形成急需的归纳偏差,以快速适应新任务。在这里,我们介绍G-Meta,一种新的图的元学习算法。G-Meta使用局部子图来传递特定于子图的信息,并通过Meta梯度更快地学习可传递的知识。G-Meta学习如何使用新任务中的少数节点或边快速适应新任务,并通过从其他图或相关但不相交的标签集中学习数据点来实现。G-Meta在理论上是合理的,因为我们证明了预测的证据可以在目标节点或边缘周围的局部子图中找到。在7个数据集和9个基线方法上的实验表明,G-Meta比现有方法的性能高出16.3%。与以前的方法不同,G-Meta成功地在具有挑战性的少样本学习设置中学习,这些设置需要泛化到全新的图形和从未见过的标签。最后,G-Meta可以扩展到大型图,我们在一个新的由1,840个图组成的生命树数据集上展示了这一点,在以前的工作中使用的图的数量增加了两个数量级。

英文摘要:

Prevailing methods for graphs require abundant label and edge information for learning. When data for a new task are scarce, meta-learning can learn from prior experiences and form much-needed inductive biases for fast adaption to new tasks. Here, we introduce G-Meta, a novel meta-learning algorithm for graphs. G-Meta uses local subgraphs to transfer subgraph-specific information and learn transferable knowledge faster via meta gradients. G-Meta learns how to quickly adapt to a new task using only a handful of nodes or edges in the new task and does so by learning from data points in other graphs or related, albeit disjoint label sets. G-Meta is theoretically justified as we show that the evidence for a prediction can be found in the local subgraph surrounding the target node or edge. Experiments on seven datasets and nine baseline methods show that G-Meta outperforms existing methods by up to 16.3%. Unlike previous methods, G-Meta successfully learns in challenging, few-shot learning settings that require generalization to completely new graphs and never-before-seen labels. Finally, G-Meta scales to large graphs, which we demonstrate on a new Tree-of-Life dataset comprising of 1,840 graphs, a two-orders of magnitude increase in the number of graphs used in prior work.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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