Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with index modulation (OFDM-IM) appears as a promising multi-carrier waveform candidate for beyond 5G due to its attractive advantages such as operational flexibility and ease of implementation. However, OFDM-IM may not be a proper choice for 5G services such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) since achieving high data rates is challenging because of its null subcarriers. One solution to enhance the spectral efficiency of OFDM-IM is the employment of multiple distinguishable constellations (modes) by also exploiting its null subcarriers for data transmission. This paper proposes a novel IM technique called super-mode OFDM-IM (SuM-OFDM-IM), where mode activation patterns (MAPs) and subcarrier activation patterns (SAPs) are jointly selected and conventional data symbols are repetition coded over multiple subcarriers to achieve a diversity gain. For the proposed scheme, a low-complexity detector is designed, theoretical analyses are performed and a bit error rate (BER) upper bound is derived. The performance of the proposed system is also investigated through real-time experiments using a software-defined radio (SDR) based prototype. We show that SuM-OFDM-IM exhibits promising results in terms of spectral efficiency and error performance; thus, appears as a potential candidate for 5G and beyond communication systems.
In this paper, we propose a novel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) scheme, which we call Q-ary multi-mode OFDM-IM (Q-MM-OFDM-IM). In the proposed scheme, Q disjoint M-ary constellations are used repeatedly on each subcarrier, and a maximum-distance separable code is applied to the indices of these constellations to achieve the highest number of index symbols. A low-complexity subcarrier-wise detection is shown possible for the proposed scheme. Spectral efficiency (SE) and the error rate performance of the proposed scheme are further analyzed. It is sho…
In this paper, we propose novel modulation concepts that we call weak composition modulation (WCM) and composition modulation (CM). We use weak and strict compositions of an integer to form codewords of WCM and CM, respectively. For the proposed schemes, we depict a practical model using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). We also analyze the error performance of the proposed schemes. It is shown that the proposed schemes are capable of outperforming conventional OFDM and OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) in terms of error performance.
A new modulation scheme called OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is introduced recently. This scheme allows to transmit additional bits by mapping a part of incoming bit stream to the indices of the subcarriers. In this work, performance of OFDM-IM in multi-user networks for uplink and downlink scenario is studied. For both scenarios, novel base station designs are introduced in order to overcome the inter-user-interference (IUI). Simulation results show that OFDM-IM outperforms the classical OFDM in multi-user networks and IUI is eliminated successfully even in large networks.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is a novel multicarrier transmission technique which has been proposed as an alternative to classical OFDM. The main idea of OFDM-IM is the use of the indices of the active subcarriers in an OFDM system as an additional source of information. In this work, we propose multiple-input multiple-output OFDM-IM (MIMO-OFDM-IM) scheme by combining OFDM-IM and MIMO transmission techniques. The low complexity transceiver structure of the MIMO-OFDM-IM scheme is developed and it is shown via computer simulations that the proposed M…
In this paper, we propose a novel modulation concept which we call \emph{index and composition modulation (ICM)}. In the proposed concept, we use indices of active/deactive codeword elements and compositions of an integer to encode information. In this regard, we first determine the activated codeword elements, then we exploit energy levels of these elements to identify the compositions. We depict a practical scheme for using ICM with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and show that OFDM with ICM (OFDM-ICM) can enhance the spectral efficiency (SE) and error performance of OFDM-I…
In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based signal detector called DuaIM-3DNet for dual-mode index modulation-based three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DM-IM-3D-OFDM). Herein, DM-IM-3D- OFDM is a subcarrier index modulation scheme which conveys data bits via both dual-mode 3D constellation symbols and indices of active subcarriers. Thus, this scheme obtains better error performance than the existing IM schemes when using the conventional maximum likelihood (ML) detector, which, however, suffers from high computational complexity, especially when the system pa…
A novel modulation scheme termed orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with subcarrier number modulation (OFDM-SNM) has been proposed and regarded as one of the promising candidate modulation schemes for next generation networks. Although OFDM-SNM is capable of having a higher spectral efficiency (SE) than OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) and plain OFDM under certain conditions, its reliability is relatively inferior to these existing schemes, because the number of active subcarriers varies. In this regard, we propose an enhanced OFDM-SNM scheme in this paper, which utilizes the flexi…
This paper proposes a novel spread spectrum and sub-carrier index modulation (SS-SIM) scheme, which is integrated to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) framework to enhance the diversity over the conventional IM schemes. Particularly, the resulting scheme, called SS-SIMOFDM, jointly employs both spread spectrum and sub-carrier index modulations to form a precoding vector which is then used to spread an M-ary complex symbol across all active sub-carriers. As a result, the proposed scheme enables a novel transmission of three signal domains: SS and sub-carrier indices, and a singl…
This paper addresses the achievable rate of single cell and sum rate of multi-cell orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) index modulation (IM). The single cell achievable rate of OFDM-IM with Gaussian input is calculated using a multi-ary symmetric channel. Then, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of multi-cell OFDM-IM is investigated by stochastic geometry. Furthermore, it is proved in this paper that the probability density function (PDF) of noise plus intercell-interference (ICI) in multi-cell OFDM-IM with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) follows a mixture of Gaussi…
Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (MIMO-OFDM-IM) is a novel multicarrier transmission technique which has been proposed recently as an alternative to classical MIMO-OFDM. In this scheme, OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) concept is combined with MIMO transmission to take advantage of the benefits of these two techniques. In this paper, we shed light on the implementation and error performance analysis of the MIMO-OFDM-IM scheme for next generation 5G wireless networks. Maximum likelihood (ML), near-ML, simple minimum mean square …
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is envisioned as an efficient candidate for future communication systems. This letter proposes a novel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with index modulation (IM)-based NOMA scheme, called OFDM-IM NOMA, for future multi-user communication systems. Inspired by IM and classical OFDM-NOMA, users utilize flexibility by adjusting power allocation factors and subcarrier activation ratios. Our new scheme allows different service users to share available resources as in classical NOMA, more efficiently. It is shown that OFDM-IM NOMA reliably suppo…
Use of multiple light emitting diodes (LED) is an attractive way to increase spectral efficiency in visible light communications (VLC). A non-DC-biased OFDM (NDC OFDM) scheme that uses two LEDs has been proposed in the literature recently. NDC OFDM has been shown to perform better than other OFDM schemes for VLC like DC-biased OFDM (DCO OFDM) and asymmetrically clipped OFDM (ACO OFDM) in multiple LEDs settings. In this paper, we propose an efficient multiple LED OFDM scheme for VLC which uses {\em coded index modulation}. The proposed scheme uses two transmitter blocks, each having a pair of L…
To broaden the application scenario and reduce energy consumption, we propose an energy-efficient fixed-gain (FG) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay assisted orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) scheme in this letter. The proposed system needs neither instantaneous channel state information (CSI) nor complicated processing at the relay node. It operates based on the power allocation scheme that minimizes the sum of transmit power at both source and relay node, given an outage probability constraint. Through a series of problem transformation and simplification…
In this letter, we propose a power allocation scheme for relayed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) systems. The proposed power allocation scheme replies on artificial neural network (ANN) and deep learning to allocate transmit power among various subcarriers at the source and relay nodes. The objective of the power allocation scheme is to minimize the overall transmit power under a set of constraints. Without loss of generality, we assume all subcarriers at source and relay nodes are independently distributed with different statistical distribution para…
Index modulation (IM) brings the reduction of power consumption and complexity of the transmitter to classical multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. However, due to the introduction of IM, the complexity of the detector at receiver is greatly increased. Furthermore, the detector also requires the channel state information at receiver, which leads to high system overhead. To tackle these challenges, in this paper, we introduce deep learning (DL) in designing a non-iterative detector. Specifically, based on the structural sparsity of the t…
Next generation wireless networks are expected to provide much higher data throughput and reliable connections for a far larger number of wireless service subscribers and machine-type nodes, which result in increasingly stringent requirements of spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) stands out as a promising solution to satisfy the SE requirement with a reasonable increase in system complexity. However, the EE of OFDM-IM is still required to be enhanced. Moreover, diversity gain is hardly harvested in OFD…
In the past few years, some alternatives to the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation have been considered to improve its spectral containment and its performance level in the presence of heavy Doppler shifts. This paper examines a novel modulation, named Doppler-Resilient Universal Filtered MultiCarrier (DR-UFMC), which has the objective of combining the advantages provided by the Universal Filtered MultiCarrier (UFMC) modulation (i.e., better spectral containment), with those of the Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation (i.e., better performance in time-var…
Spatial modulation (SM) has proven to be a promising multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technique which provides high energy efficiency and reduces system complexity. In SM, only one transmitter is active at any given time while the rest of them remain silent. The index of the active transmitter carries information. This spatial information is in addition to the data carried by the constellation symbols in the signal domain. Therefore, SM increases the transmission rate of the communication system compared to single-input-single-output and space-time block coding (STBC)-MIMO. For signal dom…
Today, we have required to accommodate a large number of users under a single base station. This can be possible only if we have some flexibility over the spectrum. Previously we have lots of multiplexing methods to accommodate large number of signals in time and frequency domain. But now we have required to accommodate a large number of users in the same bandwidth, without any fading over the received signal. So, orthogonality can be maintained over the frequency response. This technology is now more popular in the mobile communication domain, called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing…
The performance analysis of a novel optical modulation scheme is presented in this paper. The basic concept is to transmit signs of modulated optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) symbols and absolute values of the symbols separately by two information carrying units: 1) indices of two light emitting diodes (LED) transmitters that represent positive and negative signs separately; and 2) optical intensity symbols that carry the absolute values of signals. The new approach, referred as to non-DC-biased OFDM (NDC-OFDM), uses the optical spatial modulation (OSM) technique to …
In this paper, we propose an enhanced Huffman coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with index modulation (EHC-OFDM-IM) scheme. The proposed scheme is capable of utilizing all legitimate subcarrier activation patterns (SAPs) and adapting the bijective mapping relation between SAPs and leaves on a given Huffman tree according to channel state information (CSI). As a result, a dynamic codebook update mechanism is obtained, which can provide more reliable transmissions. We take the average block error rate (BLER) as the performance evaluation metric and approximate it in closed form wh…
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technique susceptible to source, channel and amplifier nonlinearities because of its high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). The distortion gets worse by increasing the average power of the OFDM signals since larger portion of the signals are affected by nonlinearity. In this paper we introduce Hadamard coded modulation (HCM) that uses the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform (FWHT) to modulate data as an alternative technique to OFDM in direct-detection wireless optical systems. This technique is shown to have a better performance for high…
Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), windowed cyclic prefix circular offset quadrature amplitude modulation (WCP-COQAM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are among the candidate 5G modulation formats. In this study, we present additional results for the OOBE comparisons between OFDM, GFDM and WCP-COQAM under equal or unequal spectral efficiency conditions for various simulation scenarios.
5G cellular communications promise to deliver the gigabit experience to mobile users, with a capacity increase of up to three orders of magnitude with respect to current LTE systems. There is widespread agreement that such an ambitious goal will be realized through a combination of innovative techniques involving different network layers. At the physical layer, the OFDM modulation format, along with its multiple-access strategy OFDMA, is not taken for granted, and several alternatives promising larger values of spectral efficiency are being considered. This paper provides a review of some modu…
A novel OFDM-based waveform with low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and high robustness against phase noise (PN) is presented. It follows the discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) signal model. 3MSK, is inspired by continuous-phase frequency shift keying (FSK), but it uses three frequencies in the baseband model -- specifically, 0 and $\pm f_{symbol}/4$, where $f_{symbol}$ is the symbol rate -- which effectively constrains the phase transitions between consecutive symbols to 0 and $\pm π/2$ rad. Motivated by the phase controlled model of …
In this paper, we propose a new subcarrier index modulation scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which incorporates the Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding in a visible light communication (VLC) system. In this scheme, the incoming bits are first encoded using the RS encoder, then a set of symbols in the resulting RS codeword are punctured, and the remaining symbols are modulated and mapped onto the OFDM subcarriers. This system is referred to as RS-OFDM-IM. Unlike the traditional subcarrier index modulation (SIM) schemes, the proposed scheme operates based on conveying extra i…
GFDM is a new modulation format whose advantages compared to OFDM reportedly make it a preferable modulation format for 5G. However, the non-orthogonal nature of GFDM with matched filtering (MF) receiver for pulses with good time-frequency localization is one of its disadvantages, leading to the proposal of WCP-COQAM, employing offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM). In this paper, we prove that a pulse satisfying orthogonality conditions for OQAM-OFDM will also satisfy orthogonality with WCP-COQAM, thus the pulse design methods developed for OQAM-OFDM can also be used with WCP-COQAM. T…
In this paper, we propose a power allocation strategy for the adaptive orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) index modulation (IM) in cooperative networks. The allocation strategy is based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, and aims at maximizing the average network capacity according to the instantaneous channel state information (CSI). As the transmit power at source and relay is constrained separately, we can thus formulate an optimization problem by allocating power to active subcarriers. Compared to the conventional uniform power allocation strategy, the proposed dyna…
We compare the maximum achievable rates in single-carrier and OFDM modulation schemes, under the practical assumptions of i.i.d. finite alphabet inputs and linear ISI with additive Gaussian noise. We show that the Shamai-Laroia approximation serves as a bridge between the two rates: while it is well known that this approximation is often a lower bound on the single-carrier achievable rate, it is revealed to also essentially upper bound the OFDM achievable rate. We apply Information-Estimation relations in order to rigorously establish this result for both general input distributions and to sha…
Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) is a novel modulation scheme designed in the Doppler-delay domain to fully exploit time and frequency diversity of general time-varying channels. In this paper, we present a novel discrete-time analysis of OFDM-based OTFS transceiver with a concise and vectorized input-output relationship that clearly characterizes the contribution of each underlying signal processing block in such systems. When adopting cyclic prefix in the time domain, our analysis reveals that the proposed MIMO OTFS and OFDM systems have the same ergodic capacity despite the well-known…
A modulation classification (MC) scheme based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) in conjunction with either maximum likelihood (ML) or Support Vector Machines (SVM) is proposed for MIMO-OFDM signals over frequency selective, time varying channels. The method is blind in the sense that it is assumed that the receiver has no information about the channel and transmitted signals other than that the spatial streams of signals are statistically independent. The processing consists of separation of the MIMO streams followed by modulation classification of the separated signals. While in general…
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier modulation scheme that provides efficient bandwidth utilization and robustness against time dispersive channels. This paper deals with the basic system model for OFDM based systems and with self-interference, or the corruption of desired signal by itself in OFDM systems. A simple transceiver based on OFDM modulation is presented. Important impairments in OFDM systems are mathematically analyzed
In this paper, we propose an adaptive orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) index modulation (IM) scheme for two-hop relay networks. In contrast to the traditional OFDM IM scheme with a deterministic and fixed mapping scheme, in this proposed adaptive OFDM IM scheme, the mapping schemes between a bit stream and indices of active subcarriers for the first and second hops are adaptively selected by a certain criterion. As a result, the active subcarriers for the same bit stream in the first and second hops can be varied in order to combat slow frequency-selective fading. In this way,…
One of the most important multi-carrier transmission techniques used in the latest wireless communication arena is known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It has several characteristics such as providing greater immunity to multipath fading & impulse noise, eliminating Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) & Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) using a guard interval known as Cyclic Prefix (CP). A regular difficulty of OFDM signal is high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of OFDM Signal. An improved design of ampli…
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OFDM/OQAM) is a multicarrier modulation scheme that can be considered as an alternative to the conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) for transmission over multipath fading channels. In this paper, we investigate the combination of the OFDM/OQAM with Alamouti system with Time Reversal (TR) technique. TR can be viewed as a precoding scheme which can be combined with OFDM/OQAM and easily carried out in a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) context such as Alamou…
In this paper, we investigate and compare the performance of single- and multi-carrier modulation schemes for indoor visible light communication (VLC). Particularly, the performances of single carrier frequency domain equalization (SCFDE), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and on-off keying (OOK) with minimum mean square error equalization (MMSE) are analyzed in order to mitigate the effect of multipath distortion of the indoor optical channel where nonlinearity distortion of light emitting diode (LED) transfer function is taken into account. Our results indicate that SCFDE sys…
Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation was proposed to tackle the destructive Doppler effects in wireless communications, with potential applications to many other areas. In this paper, we investigate its application to radar systems, and propose a novel efficient OTFS-based matched filter algorithm for target range and velocity estimation. The proposed algorithm not only exhibits the inherent advantages due to multi-carrier modulation of the existing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM-) based radar algorithms but also provides additional benefits to improve radar capa…
Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation is a two-dimensional signaling technique that has recently emerged in the literature to tackle the time-varying (TV) wireless channels. OTFS deploys the Doppler-delay plane to multiplex the transmit data where the time variations of the TV channel are integrated over time and hence the equivalent channel relating the input and output of the system boils down to a time-invariant one. This signaling technique can be implemented on the top of a given multicarrier waveform with the addition of precoding and post-processing units to the modulator an…
We propose a novel modulation scheme for intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) based optical communication system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). This method utilizes the DC-bias, which typically is discarded at the receiver-end, to carry information to achieve higher power efficiency. By formulating and solving a convex optimization problem, a constellation in high dimensional space is designed offline for the input of the transmitter-side inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block. We point out that one can choose partial or full DC power for informa…
The problem of modulation classification for a multiple-antenna (MIMO) system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is investigated under the assumption of unknown frequency-selective fading channels and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The classification problem is formulated as a Bayesian inference task, and solutions are proposed based on Gibbs sampling and mean field variational inference. The proposed methods rely on a selection of the prior distributions that adopts a latent Dirichlet model for the modulation type and on the Bayesian network formalism. The Gibbs samplin…
Large-scale antenna (LSA) has gained a lot of attention due to its great potential to significantly improve system throughput. In most existing works on LSA systems, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is presumed to deal with frequency selectivity of wireless channels. Although LSA-OFDM is a natural evolution from multiple-input multiple-output OFDM (MIMO-OFDM), the drawbacks of LSA-OFDM are inevitable, especially when used for the uplink. In this paper, we investigate single-carrier (SC) modulation for the uplink transmission in LSA systems based on a novel waveform recovery th…
Dual mode orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (DM-OFDM-IM) is recently proposed, which modulates all subcarriers to eliminate the limits of spectrum efficiency in OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM). In DM-OFDM-IM, the subcarriers within each subblock are divided into two groups, which are modulated by two distinguishable constellation alphabets drawn from the distinct two constellations. In this paper, a new constellation design for DM-OFDM-IM is proposed based on the pairwise error probability (PEP) analysis. In previous works, the design of the constellation pa…
This paper presents results on the achievable spectral efficiency and on the energy efficiency for a wireless multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) link operating at millimeter wave frequencies (mmWave) in a typical 5G scenario. Two different single-carrier modem schemes are considered, i.e., a traditional modulation scheme with linear equalization at the receiver, and a single-carrier modulation with cyclic prefix, frequency-domain equalization and FFT-based processing at the receiver; these two schemes are compared with a conventional MIMO-OFDM transceiver structure. Our analysis jointly tak…
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) are two commonly adopted modulation schemes for frequency-selective channels. Compared to SC-FDE, OFDM generally achieves higher data rate, but at the cost of higher transmit signal peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that leads to lower power amplifier efficiency. This paper proposes a new modulation scheme, called flexible multi-group single-carrier (FMG-SC), which encapsulates both OFDM and SC-FDE as special cases, thus achieving more flexible rate-PAPR trade-offs between them. Specifi…
GFDM and WCP-COQAM are amongst the candidate physical layer modulation formats to be used in 5G, whose claimed lower out-of-band (OOB) emissions are important with respect to cognitive radio based dynamic spectrum access solutions. In this study, we compare OFDM, GFDM and WCP-COQAM in terms of OOB emissions in a fair manner such that their spectral efficiencies are the same and OOB emission reduction techniques are applied to all of the modulation types. Analytical PSD expressions are also correlated with the simulation based OOB emission results. Maintaining the same spectral efficiency, carr…
Ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) enables radio-frequency (RF) powered backscatter devices (BDs) (e.g., sensors, tags) to modulate their information bits over ambient RF carriers in an over-the-air manner. This technology also called "modulation in the air", thus has emerged as a promising solution to achieve green communications for future Internet-of-Things. This paper studies an AmBC system by leveraging the ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulated signals in the air. We first model such AmBC system from a spread-spectrum communication perspective, upon whi…
In this paper, we investigate the impact of Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes namely Cyclic Redundancy Code and Convolution Code on the performance of OFDM wireless communication system for speech signal transmission over both AWGN and fading (Rayleigh and Rician) channels in term of Bit Error Probability. The simulation has been done in conjunction with QPSK digital modulation and compared with uncoded resultstal modulation. In the fading channels, it is found via computer simulation that the performance of the Convolution interleaved based OFDM systems outperform than that of CRC interlea…
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is a novel scheme where the information bits are conveyed through the subcarrier activation pattern (SAP) and the symbols on the active subcarriers. Unfortunately, OFDM-IM inherits the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem from the classical OFDM. The OFDMIM signal with high PAPR induces in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation when it passes through high power amplifier (HPA). There are attempts to reduce PAPR by adding dither signals in the idle subcarriers, where the dither signals can have various ampl…
This paper considers Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) aspects in the context of Power Line Communication (PLC) systems. It offers a complete overview of both narrow band PLC and broad band PLC EMC norms. How to interpret and translate such norms and measurement procedures into typical constraints used by designers of communication systems, is discussed. In particular, the constraints to the modulated signal spectrum are considered and the ability of pulse shaped OFDM (PS-OFDM), used in most of the PLC standards as IEEE P1901 and P1901.2, to fulfill them is analyzed. In addition, aiming to i…
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) has become a high-profile candidate for the modulation scheme in next generation networks, and many works have been published to analyze it in recent years. Error performance is one of the most important and interesting aspects of OFDM-IM, which has been analyzed in most works. However, most of them employ two key approximations to derive the closed-form expressions of block error rate (BLER) and/or average bit error rate (BER). The first one is to utilize the union bound assisted by the pairwise error probability (PEP)…
