散射介质：随机包装的针孔摄像机
Scattering medium: randomly packed pinhole cameras
摘要：
当光穿过散射介质时，由于沿不同光路行进的光的干涉而形成散斑（波动强度的空间随机分布），从而防止对介质内或另一侧上的目标的结构、绝对位置和尺寸的感知。目前，主流的技术，如波前整形，光学相位共轭，散射矩阵测量，散斑自相关成像只能在没有先验信息的情况下描绘目标结构。在这里，我们表明，散射介质可以被概念化为随机包装针孔相机的组装，相应的散斑图案是随机移位针孔图像的叠加。这为桥接目标、散射介质和散斑图案提供了新的视角，允许人们从从散射介质的另一侧感知的散斑图案定量地定位和描绘目标，这是所有现有方法都不可能做到的。该方法还允许我们解释一些扩散光的现象，否则很难理解。例如，为什么散斑图案的形态外观随目标而变化，为什么从厚散射介质中难以提取信息，以及是什么决定了穿透散射介质的能力。总之，这一概念虽然处于起步阶段，但它为揭示散射介质和实时从散射介质中提取信息打开了一扇新的大门。
英文摘要：
When light travels through scattering media, speckles (spatially random distribution of fluctuated intensities) are formed due to the interference of light travelling along different optical paths, preventing the perception of structure, absolute location and dimension of a target within or on the other side of the medium. Currently, the prevailing techniques such as wavefront shaping, optical phase conjugation, scattering matrix measurement, and speckle autocorrelation imaging can only picture the target structure in the absence of prior information. Here we show that a scattering medium can be conceptualized as an assembly of randomly packed pinhole cameras, and the corresponding speckle pattern is a superposition of randomly shifted pinhole images. This provides a new perspective to bridge target, scattering medium, and speckle pattern, allowing one to localize and profile a target quantitatively from speckle patterns perceived from the other side of the scattering medium, which is impossible with all existing methods. The method also allows us to interpret some phenomena of diffusive light that are otherwise challenging to understand. For example, why the morphological appearance of speckle patterns changes with the target, why information is difficult to be extracted from thick scattering media, and what determines the capability of seeing through scattering media. In summary, the concept, whilst in its infancy, opens a new door to unveiling scattering media and information extraction from scattering media in real time.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
