基于机会约束规划的儿童疫苗分销网络优化配置
Optimization of Distribution Network Configuration for Pediatric Vaccines using Chance Constraint Programming
摘要：
在低收入和中等收入国家，数百万年轻人没有接种疫苗，因为冷链供应链效率低下导致疫苗供应不足。我们创建供应链网络设计和分销模式，以应对LMI国家疫苗供应链的独特特点和面临的挑战。这些模型反映了疫苗接种需求的不确定性及其对免疫接种的影响、疫苗接种的独特挑战（如开瓶浪费）、疫苗技术改进与免疫接种之间的相互作用以及免疫接种覆盖率与可用资源之间的权衡。目标是最大限度地提高完全免疫儿童的百分比和诊所的疫苗供应。我们的研究探讨了这两个指标如何受到三个因素的影响：供应链中的层级数量，疫苗瓶大小和新的疫苗技术。我们使用世界卫生组织赞助的尼日尔扩大免疫计划来测试这个模型。我们提出了许多意见和建议，以帮助LMI国家提高免疫覆盖率。
英文摘要：
Millions of young people are not immunized in low- and middle-income (LMI) countries because of low vaccine availability resulting from inefficiencies in cold supply chains. We create supply chain network design and distribution models to address the unique characteristics and challenges facing vaccine supply chains in LMI countries. The models capture the uncertainties of demand for vaccinations and the resulting impacts on immunization, the unique challenges of vaccine administration (such as open vial wastage), the interactions between technological improvements of vaccines and immunizations, and the trade-offs between immunization coverage rates and available resources. The objective is to maximize both the percentage of fully immunized children and the vaccine availability in clinics. Our research examines how these two metrics are affected by three factors: number of tiers in the supply chain, vaccine vial size, and new vaccine technologies. We tested the model using Niger's Expanded Program on Immunization, which is sponsored by the World Health Organization. We make many observations and recommendations to help LMI countries increase their immunization coverage.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
