瑞士ICT硬件采购的可持续性-公共采购部门的现状分析
Sustainability of ICT hardware procurement in Switzerland -- A status-quo analysis of the public procurement sector
摘要：
可持续采购要求组织将其采购行为与资源效率、气候变化、社会责任和其他可持续性标准等更广泛的目标相结合。分析信息和通信技术硬件采购的可持续性水平有两个原因：第一，信息和通信技术硬件属于可持续采购的六个关键产品组。第二，信通技术总体上有望成为低碳经济的重要推动力，为减少温室气体排放提供解决方案。虽然可持续采购的优势显而易见，但在日常采购中存在某些障碍。这份关于信通技术硬件的案例研究报告在深入分析瑞士公共部门信通技术硬件可持续采购情况的基础上，讨论了三个重要障碍：“缺乏对每个产品类别的明确定义”、“缺少关于可持续产品的市场情报”以及“阻碍创新办法的僵化程序和态度”。为此，使用通用采购词汇（CPV）术语对国家采购平台simap.ch上公布的投标数据进行可持续性标准筛选，以确定相关的信通技术项目。调查结果显示，目前在公开招标中列入这些标准及其决定因素的程度。采用两种不同的方法，发现只有少数投标书载有从基本到全面的各种可持续性标准。瑞士政府采购的总体绩效是通过将所确定的可持续性标准与可持续采购领域国际主要行为体的现有标准进行比较来衡量的。因此，这一分析提供了新的见解，公共机构今天如何考虑可持续性时，采购信息和通信技术硬件。
英文摘要：
Sustainable procurement requires organizations to align their purchasing behavior with regard to broader goals linked to resource efficiency, climate change, social responsibility and other sustainability criteria. The level of sustainability in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) hardware procurement is analyzed for two reasons: First, ICT hardware belongs to the six key product groups in sustainable procurement. Second, ICT in general is expected to be an important enabler for low-carbon economies, providing solutions to reduce Green-House Gas (GHG) emissions. While the advantages of sustainable procurement are obvious, certain barriers hinder the adoption in day-to-day procurement. This case study on ICT hardware discusses the three important barriers "lack of clear definitions per product group", "missing market intelligence about sustainable products" and "inflexible procedures and attitudes as barriers for innovative approaches" based on an in-depth analysis of sustainable procurement of ICT hardware by the public sector in Switzerland. To this end, tender data published on the national procurement platform simap.ch is screened for sustainability criteria using the Common Procurement Vocabulary (CPV) nomenclature to identify relevant ICT projects. The results reveal to which extent such criteria as well as their determinants are currently included in public tenders. Using two different approaches, only a small number of tenders were found containing sustainability criteria of a wide range from basic to comprehensive. The overall performance of Swiss public procurement is benchmarked by comparing the identified sustainability criteria with available criteria from international key actors in sustainable procurement. Thus, this analysis provides novel insights on how public agencies today take sustainability into account when procuring ICT hardware.
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