量子光学硬件的量子计算机辅助设计
Quantum Computer-Aided design of Quantum Optics Hardware
摘要：
量子系统的参数随着所涉及的量子粒子的数量呈指数增长。因此，相关的内存需求远远超出了由几十个粒子组成的量子系统的最佳经典计算机的限制，导致其数值模拟面临巨大挑战。这意味着验证，更不用说新量子设备和实验的设计，从根本上限制在小系统尺寸。目前尚不清楚如何充分利用大型量子系统的潜力。在这里，我们提出了量子计算机设计量子硬件的概念，并将其应用到量子光学领域。具体来说，我们将高维多体纠缠光子的复杂实验硬件映射到基于门的量子线路中。我们明确地展示了如何数字量子模拟玻色子采样实验可以实现。然后，我们说明了如何设计复杂的纠缠光子系统，如高维Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态及其衍生物的量子光学设置。由于光子硬件已经处于量子霸权的边缘（超过这个极限，系统就不能再进行经典计算），并且基于门的量子计算机的发展正在迅速推进，我们的方法有望成为未来量子设备设计的有用工具。
英文摘要：
The parameters of a quantum system grow exponentially with the number of involved quantum particles. Hence, the associated memory requirement goes well beyond the limit of best classic computers for quantum systems composed of a few dozen particles leading to huge challenges in their numerical simulation. This implied that verification, let alone, design of new quantum devices and experiments, is fundamentally limited to small system size. It is not clear how the full potential of large quantum systems can be exploited. Here, we present the concept of quantum computer designed quantum hardware and apply it to the field of quantum optics. Specifically, we map complex experimental hardware for high-dimensional, many-body entangled photons into a gate-based quantum circuit. We show explicitly how digital quantum simulation of Boson Sampling experiments can be realized. Then we illustrate how to design quantum-optical setups for complex entangled photon systems, such as high-dimensional Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and their derivatives. Since photonic hardware is already on the edge of quantum supremacy (the limit beyond which systems can no longer be calculated classically) and the development of gate-based quantum computers is rapidly advancing, our approach promises to be an useful tool for the future of quantum device design.
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