单光子束自参考全息图
Self-referenced hologram of a single photon beam
摘要：
单光子空间结构的定量表征对于自由空间量子通信和量子成像是必不可少的。我们介绍了一种干涉技术，使一个单一的光子的二维概率振幅的完整表征。重要的是，与使用参考光子进行相位测量的方法相比，我们的技术依赖于单个光子自身的干扰。我们的设置包括一个预示着一个未知的空间相位的单光子源和一个修改后的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪与空间滤波器在其一个手臂。空间滤波器去除未知的空间相位，并且滤波后的光束与通过干涉仪的另一臂的未改变的光束干涉。我们实验证实了我们的技术的可行性，通过重建的空间相位的预示单光子使用最低阶干涉条纹。该技术可应用于单光子任意纯空间态的表征。
英文摘要：
Quantitative characterization of the spatial structure of single photons is essential for free-space quantum communication and quantum imaging. We introduce an interferometric technique that enables the complete characterization of a two-dimensional probability amplitude of a single photon. Importantly, in contrast to methods that use a reference photon for the phase measurement, our technique relies on a single photon interfering with itself. Our setup comprises of a heralded single-photon source with an unknown spatial phase and a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a spatial filter in one of its arms. The spatial filter removes the unknown spatial phase and the filtered beam interferes with the unaltered beam passing through the other arm of the interferometer. We experimentally confirm the feasibility of our technique by reconstructing the spatial phase of heralded single photons using the lowest order interference fringes. This technique can be applied to the characterization of arbitrary pure spatial states of single photons.
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