超高速尘埃碰撞的物理模型
Toward a Physics Based Model of Hypervelocity Dust Impacts
摘要：
人们对高超音速尘埃撞击在航天器传感器上产生电信号的过程有了重要的了解，从而对物理学有了更全面的了解。Zaslavsky（2015）表明，最重要的信号来自航天器的充电，而不是天线的充电。目前的工作是一个延伸的工作Zaslavsky。分析处理的物理学的高超音速尘埃的影响和机制产生的电信号在传感器，天线，提出。处理进行了比较，从STEREO和帕克太阳探测器的观测。通过模拟对这一过程进行全面的处理似乎超出了目前的计算机能力，但是处理的某些部分必须依赖于模拟，但是通过分析处理可以更好地理解其他特征。从天线部分的信号比以前的出版物中的一个更大的贡献的证据。静电力在形成退出等离子体云的重要性被强调。静电力导致逃逸云的快速膨胀，使得逃逸云膨胀得比逃逸云更快，并且经常包围一个或多个天线。这说明偶极天线有能力探测灰尘的影响。一些进展，了解偶尔负充电的天线，连同直接证据，这种充电。使用实验室测量的电荷来估计航天器撞击的大小被证明是不可靠的，没有进一步的校准工作。
英文摘要：
There has been important understanding of the process by which a hypersonic dust impact makes an electrical signal on a spacecraft sensor, leading to a fuller understanding of the physics. Zaslavsky (2015) showed that the most important signal comes from the charging of the spacecraft, less from charging of an antenna. The present work is an extension of the work of Zaslavsky. An analytical treatment of the physics of a hypersonic dust impact and the mechanism for generating an electrical signal in a sensor, an antenna, is presented. The treatment is compared with observations from STEREO and Parker Solar Probe. A full treatment of this process by simulations seems beyond present computer capabilities, but some parts of the treatment can must depend on simulations but other features can be better understood through analytical treatment. Evidence for a somewhat larger contribution from the antenna part of the signal than in previous publications is presented. Importance of electrostatic forces in forming the exiting plasma cloud is emphasized. Electrostatic forces lead to a rapid expansion of the escaping cloud, so that it expands more rapidly than escapes, and frequently surrounds one or more antennas. This accounts for the ability of dipole antennas to detect dust impacts. Some progress toward an understanding occasional negative charging of an antenna is presented, together with direct evidence of such charging. Use of laboratory measurements of charge to estimate size of spacecraft impacts are shown to be not reliable without further calibration work.
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