双层电解质固体氧化物电解槽中的氧分压
The oxygen partial pressure in solid oxide electrolysis cells with two layer electrolytes
摘要：
在固体氧化物电解槽（SOEC）的长期运行过程中，已经观察到许多降解机制。使用电解质载流子传输模型，我们量化了整个电解质的氧电位，从而提供这些降解机制的见解。我们的模型描述了载流子在电解质中的运输时，氧分压是非常低的占电解质中的氧空位的浓度的空间变化。此外，我们确定了表征电解质中氧分压分布的四个量，这也与电解质中的降解机制直接相关：电极和电解质界面处的两个氧分压，YSZ/GDC界面处的氧分压，以及当电池的一侧暴露于燃料时，在YSZ中形成的pn结附近的氧电势突变的位置另一侧暴露于氧化剂（高氧势，p型导电）。我们给出了所有这些数量的分析估计。这些分析表达式提供了需要控制的参数的指导，以抑制在电解质中观察到的降解。此外，操作条件，特别是电流密度和操作温度，对降解的影响进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
A number of degradation mechanisms have been observed during the long-term operation of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC). Using an electrolyte charge carrier transport model, we quantify the oxygen potentials across the electrolyte and thereby provide insights into these degradation mechanisms. Our model describes the transport of charge carriers in the electrolyte when the oxygen partial pressure is extremely low by accounting for the spatial variation of the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the electrolyte. Moreover, we identify four quantities that characterize the distribution of oxygen partial pressure in the electrolyte, which are directly related to the degradation mechanisms in the electrolyte as well: the two oxygen partial pressures at the interfaces of the electrodes and the electrolyte, the oxygen partial pressure at the interface of YSZ/GDC, and the position of the abrupt change in oxygen potential near the p-n junction that develops in YSZ when one side of the cell is exposed to fuel (low oxygen potential, n-type conduction) and the other side is exposed to oxidant (high oxygen potential, p-type conduction). We give analytical estimates for all of these quantities. These analytical expressions provide guidance on the parameters that need to be controlled to suppress the degradation observed in the electrolyte. In addition, the effects of operating conditions, particularly current density and operating temperature, on degradation are discussed.
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