球状星团热星中的磁斑瘟疫
A Plague of Magnetic Spots Among the Hot Stars of Globular Clusters
摘要：
六十年来，银河系球状星团中热的~20，000 - 30，000 K极水平分支（EHB）恒星的形成仍然是恒星演化理论中最难以捉摸的任务之一。在这里，我们报告了两个发现，打破了他们目前所谓的稳定光度。第一个EHB的变化是周期性的，不能归因于二进制的演变，也没有脉动。相反，我们在这里将其归因于磁点的存在：表面的化学不均匀性，其投影旋转诱导了可变性。第二个EHB的变化是非周期性的，并表现出自己的时间尺度年。在两种情况下，六年光变曲线显示超级耀斑事件的能量比太阳类似物高出数百万倍。我们主张的情况下，两个壮观的EHB变化现象是不同的表现形式的扩散，发电机产生的，弱磁场。无处不在的磁场，因此，迫使一个准入到复杂的矩阵管理所有EHB的形成，并穿越到他们的银河场同行。更大的图景是，我们的结论在所有辐射包裹的恒星中桥接了类似的变化/磁性现象：年轻的主序星，老的EHB和已不复存在的白矮星。
英文摘要：
Six decades and counting, the formation of hot ~20,000-30,000 K Extreme Horizontal Branch (EHB) stars in Galactic Globular Clusters remains one of the most elusive quests in stellar evolutionary theory. Here we report on two discoveries shattering their currently alleged stable luminosity. The first EHB variability is periodic and cannot be ascribed to binary evolution nor pulsation. Instead, we here attribute it to the presence of magnetic spots: superficial chemical inhomogeneities whose projected rotation induces the variability. The second EHB variability is aperiodic and manifests itself on time-scales of years. In two cases, the six-year light curves display superflare events a mammoth several million times more energetic than solar analogs. We advocate a scenario where the two spectacular EHB variability phenomena are different manifestations of diffuse, dynamo-generated, weak magnetic fields. Ubiquitous magnetic fields, therefore, force an admittance into the intricate matrix governing the formation of all EHBs, and traverse to their Galactic field counterparts. The bigger picture is one where our conclusions bridge similar variability/magnetism phenomena in all radiative-enveloped stars: young main-sequence stars, old EHBs and defunct white dwarfs.
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