危机管理的人群模拟：过去十年的成果
Crowd simulation for crisis management: the outcomes of the last decade
摘要：
在过去的几十年里，危机管理中的人群模拟被强调为许多科学领域感兴趣的重要课题。随着计算资源的不断发展，以及人工智能的能力，对更好和更逼真的仿真的需求已经变得越来越有吸引力和流行的科学家。这些年来，已经发表了数百篇研究文章，并创建了许多不同的系统，旨在模拟人群行为，危机情况和紧急疏散场景。为了更好的结果，最近的研究集中在分离的危机管理的问题，多个研究子领域（类别），如导航的模拟行人，他们的心理，群体动力学等，有扩展的研究工作，提出了新的方法和技术，这些类别的问题。在本文中，我们提出了三个主要的研究类别，每一个由几个子类别，依靠人群模拟危机管理方面，我们提出了过去十年的成果，主要集中在工程利用多智能体技术。我们分析了过去几年中引入的一些技术，方法，技术，工具和系统。对拟议类别进行了比较审查和讨论，以确定拟议类别的最有效方面。一个总体框架，对未来的人群模拟危机管理的基础上，最有效的产生最现实的结果，在过去的几十年。本文最后提出了一些亮点和未来发展方向的开放性问题。
英文摘要：
The last few decades, crowd simulation for crisis management is highlighted as an important topic of interest for many scientific fields. As the continues evolution of computational resources increases, along with the capabilities of Artificial Intelligence, the demand for better and more realistic simulation has become more attractive and popular to scientists. Along those years, there have been published hundreds of research articles and have been created numerous different systems that aim to simulate crowd behaviors, crisis cases and emergency evacuation scenarios. For better outcomes, recent research has focused on the separation of the problem of crisis management, to multiple research sub-fields (categories), such as the navigation of the simulated pedestrians, their psychology, the group dynamics etc. There have been extended research works suggesting new methods and techniques for those categories of problems. In this paper, we propose three main research categories, each one consist of several sub-categories, relying on crowd simulation for crisis management aspects and we present the outcomes of the last decade, focusing mostly on works exploiting multi-agent technologies. We analyze a number of technologies, methodologies, techniques, tools and systems introduced throughout the last years. A comparative review and discussion of the proposed categories is presented towards the identification of the most efficient aspects of the proposed categories. A general framework, towards the future crowd simulation for crisis management is presented based on the most efficient to yield the most realistic outcomes of the last decades. The paper is concluded with some highlights and open questions for future directions.
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