反质子与类轴子暗物质相互作用的直接限制
Direct limits on the interaction of antiprotons with axion-like dark matter
摘要：
天体物理观测表明，宇宙中的暗物质大约是普通重子物质的五倍，由于暗能量，宇宙的能量含量甚至更大。到目前为止，这些黑暗成分的微观特性仍然笼罩在神秘之中。此外，即使是宇宙中百分之五的普通物质也尚未被理解，因为粒子物理学的标准模型对物质相对于反物质的优势缺乏一致的解释。受这些现代物理学中心问题的启发，我们在这里提出了一个直接的搜索反物质与暗物质的相互作用，并直接限制超轻轴子类粒子$-$的暗物质候选人之一$-$和反质子的相互作用。如果反质子与这些暗物质粒子的耦合比质子更强，那么这种CPT奇数耦合就可能在宇宙中的暗物质和重子不对称性之间提供一种联系。我们分析了在Penning阱中用单个反质子获得的自旋翻转共振数据[Smorra等人，Nature 550，371（2017）]在频域中搜索超轻轴子的自旋进动效应，其特征频率由底层粒子的质量决定。我们的分析约束的轴子反质子相互作用参数$f_a/C_{\overline{p}}$的值大于$0.1$ $0.6$ GeV的质量范围从$2 \times 10^{-23}$到$4 \times 10^{-17}\,$ eV/ $c^2$，提高了天体物理的反质子边界高达5个数量级。此外，我们推导出六个组合的限制以前无约束的洛伦兹违反和CPT违反条款的非最小标准模型扩展。
英文摘要：
Astrophysical observations indicate that there is roughly five times more dark matter in the Universe than ordinary baryonic matter, with an even larger amount of the Universe's energy content due to dark energy. So far, the microscopic properties of these dark components have remained shrouded in mystery. In addition, even the five percent of ordinary matter in our Universe has yet to be understood, since the Standard Model of particle physics lacks any consistent explanation for the predominance of matter over antimatter. Inspired by these central problems of modern physics, we present here a direct search for interactions of antimatter with dark matter, and place direct constraints on the interaction of ultra-light axion-like particles $-$ one of the dark-matter candidates $-$ and antiprotons. If antiprotons exhibit a stronger coupling to these dark-matter particles than protons, such a CPT-odd coupling could provide a link between dark matter and the baryon asymmetry in the Universe. We analyse spin-flip resonance data acquired with a single antiproton in a Penning trap [Smorra et al., Nature 550, 371 (2017)] in the frequency domain to search for spin-precession effects from ultra-light axions with a characteristic frequency governed by the mass of the underlying particle. Our analysis constrains the axion-antiproton interaction parameter $f_a/C_{\overline{p}}$ to values greater than $0.1$ to $0.6$ GeV in the mass range from $2 \times 10^{-23}$ to $4 \times 10^{-17}\,$eV/$c^2$, improving over astrophysical antiproton bounds by up to five orders of magnitude. In addition, we derive limits on six combinations of previously unconstrained Lorentz-violating and CPT-violating terms of the non-minimal Standard Model Extension.
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