重新审视武仙座-日冕-北极光长城的证据
Re-Examining the Evidence of the Hercules-Corona-Borealis Great Wall
摘要：
在宇宙学的Λ-CDM范例中，大于260 Mpc的各向异性不应该存在。然而，武仙座-北冕座长城（HCB）的存在被认为是对这一原则的挑战，估计其规模超过2000 Mpc。最近，一些人质疑HCB存在的说法，将各向异性归因于天空曝光效应。即使考虑到天空照射效应，为什么声称存在六氯苯的原始方法会产生各向异性，这一点从未得到解释。在本文中，我申请的原始文件的方法，声称存在的HCB在各种蒙特卡罗模拟，假设各向同性的显着性水平的经验意义进行分析的原始测试。我发现，虽然乍一看统计检验显示在可疑样本中存在显著的各向异性，但在大多数情况下，蒙特卡罗模拟可以很容易地再现样本，如果不能，则可以通过其他统计考虑来解释差异。在某些情况下，更新后的样本会将从各向同性样本中观察到的聚类的概率提高十倍。因此，先前研究中使用的统计检验高估了观测到的各向异性的显著性，并且更新的样本返回更不显著的概率。考虑到在蒙特卡罗模拟中再现观测到的各向异性的能力，从更新样本的各向同性中提取的新的、更高的概率，以及以前的论文将各向异性归因于天空选择效应的工作，HCB的存在必须被视为最好的怀疑。
英文摘要：
In the Λ-CDM paradigm of cosmology, anisotropies larger than 260 Mpc shouldn't exist. However, the existence of the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall (HCB) is purported to challenge this principle by some with an estimated size exceeding 2000 Mpc. Recently, some have challenged the assertion of the existence of the HCB, attributing the anisotropy to sky exposure effects. It has never been explained why the original methods purporting the existence of the HCB produce anisotropies, even if sky-exposure effects are taken into account. In this paper, I apply the methods of the original papers purporting the existence of the HCB in various Monte-Carlo simulations that assume isotropy to analyze the empirical meaning of the significance levels of the original tests used. I find that, although the statistical tests at first glance show significant anisotropies present in the suspect sample, Monte-Carlo simulations can easily reproduce the sample in most cases, and if not, the differences can be accounted for by other statistical considerations. An updated sample raises the probability of drawing the observed clustering from an isotropic sample ten-fold in some cases. Thus the statistical tests used in prior studies overestimate the significance of the observed anisotropy, and an updated sample returns even less significant probabilities. Given the ability to reproduce the observed anisotropy in Monte-Carlo simulations, the new, higher probabilities of being drawn from isotropy for an updated sample, and the work of previous papers attributing anisotropies to sky-selection effects, the existence of the HCB must be treated as doubtful at best.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
