公民站在宪法辩论的前沿：智利的参与决定因素和紧急内容
Citizens at the forefront of the constitutional debate: Participation determinants and emergent content in Chile
摘要：
在过去几十年中，制宪进程已从封闭的精英写作转向纳入民主机制。然而，人们对民主参与审议制宪进程知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了智利政府在2015年至2016年期间举行的审议组成过程。智利进程的公民参与程度是世界上最高的（$204,402$人民，即，人口的$1.3\%$）进行这一进程，覆盖全国领土的$98\%$。在参与阶段，人们自发组成10到30人的小组，集体选择、审议并写下一份关于为什么新宪法应该包括这些社会权利的论点。为了了解公民参与的驱动因素在这个志愿者的过程中，我们首先确定在市政一级的决定因素。我们发现教育水平，参与政治，支持（左翼）政府，互联网接入增加参与。相比之下，人口密度和福音派基督徒的比例降低了参与率。此外，我们没有发现政治操纵公民参与的证据。根据这些决定因素，我们分析了社会权利的集体选择，以及在审议阶段产生的内容。研究结果表明，嵌入在城市的知识，代理使用教育水平和主要经济活动，促进审议的主题，概念和想法。这些结果可以为本组织提供信息，使其能够开展公民自愿参与的新的审议进程，从公民协商到制宪进程。
英文摘要：
In the past few decades, constitution-making processes have shifted from closed elite writing to incorporating democratic mechanisms. Yet, little is known about democratic participation in deliberative constitution-making processes. Here, we study a deliberative constituent process held by the Chilean government between 2015 and 2016. The Chilean process had the highest level of citizen participation in the world ($204,402$ people, i.e., $1.3\%$ of the population) for such a process and covered $98\%$ of the national territory. In its participatory phase, people gathered in self-convoked groups of 10 to 30 members, and they collectively selected, deliberated, and wrote down an argument on why the new constitution should include those social rights. To understand the citizen participation drivers in this volunteer process, we first identify the determinants at the municipality level. We find the educational level, engagement in politics, support for the (left-wing) government, and Internet access increased participation. In contrast, population density and the share of evangelical Christians decreased participation. Moreover, we do not find evidence of political manipulation on citizen participation. In light of those determinants, we analyze the collective selection of social rights, and the content produced during the deliberative phase. The findings suggest that the knowledge embedded in cities, proxied using education levels and main economic activity, facilitates deliberation about themes, concepts, and ideas. These results can inform the organization of new deliberative processes that involve voluntary citizen participation, from citizen consultations to constitution-making processes.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
