黑洞融合和fission中的熵产生和熵吸引子
Entropy production and entropic attractors in black hole fusion and fission
摘要：
我们研究了黑洞熵是如何产生的，以及它在几个高度动态过程中所起的作用：不稳定的黑弦和超自旋黑洞的衰变;两个旋转黑洞的融合;以及合并后的系统随后分裂成两个飞离的黑洞（这可能发生在维度$D\geq 6$中，轻微违反宇宙审查）。我们的方法使用了$D\to\infty$的黑洞有效理论，但我们希望我们的主要结论在有限的$D$上成立。黑洞的聚变是高度不可逆的，而遵循黑弦衰变模式的裂变产生的熵相对较少。在$2\to 1\to 2$黑洞碰撞中，会形成一种中间的准热化状态，然后发生裂变。这个中间态消除了初始态的大部分记忆，并作为吸引子，使碰撞朝着一小部分传出参数演化，这一小部分参数越窄，总角动量越接近裂变的临界值。熵最大化为预测最终的输出态提供了一个很好的指导。沿着我们的研究，我们澄清如何熵产生和不可逆性出现在大$D$有效理论。我们还扩展了对新的黑洞相（黑棒和哑铃）稳定性的研究。最后，我们讨论了带电黑洞碰撞中通过电荷扩散产生的熵。
英文摘要：
We study how black hole entropy is generated and the role it plays in several highly dynamical processes: the decay of unstable black strings and ultraspinning black holes; the fusion of two rotating black holes; and the subsequent fission of the merged system into two black holes that fly apart (which can occur in dimension $D\geq 6$, with a mild violation of cosmic censorship). Our approach uses the effective theory of black holes at $D\to\infty$, but we expect our main conclusions to hold at finite $D$. Black hole fusion is highly irreversible, while fission, which follows the pattern of the decay of black strings, generates comparatively less entropy. In $2\to 1\to 2$ black hole collisions an intermediate, quasi-thermalized state forms that then fissions. This intermediate state erases much of the memory of the initial states and acts as an attractor funneling the evolution of the collision towards a small subset of outgoing parameters, which is narrower the closer the total angular momentum is to the critical value for fission. Entropy maximization provides a very good guide for predicting the final outgoing states. Along our study, we clarify how entropy production and irreversibility appear in the large $D$ effective theory. We also extend the study of the stability of new black hole phases (black bars and dumbbells). Finally, we discuss entropy production through charge diffusion in collisions of charged black holes.
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