在弗里德曼方程中考虑光-物质相互作用
Considering light-matter interactions in the Friedmann equations
摘要：
最近的观测表明，宇宙不是透明的，而是部分不透明的，这是由于周围的宇宙尘埃吸收了光线。这意味着对透明宇宙有效的弗里德曼方程必须对不透明宇宙进行修改。本文研究了不透明度随红移急剧上升的情形。在这种情况下，光与物质的相互作用变得很重要，因为宇宙的不透明度会产生抵消引力的辐射压力。所提出的理论模型假设宇宙根据标准FLRW度量膨胀，但尺度因子$a(t)$取决于两种类型的力：重力和辐射压力。修改后的弗里德曼方程预测了宇宙在有限的尺度因子范围内的周期性膨胀/收缩演化，没有初始奇点。该模型避免了暗能量，并消除了标准宇宙学模型中的一些其他张力。本文表明，在宇宙动力学中考虑光-物质相互作用是至关重要的，可以导致新的宇宙学模型本质上不同于标准的$Λ$ CDM模型。这强调了在高红移下对宇宙不透明度和宇宙尘埃进行新的观测和研究的必要性，以便对宇宙的演化进行更现实的建模。
英文摘要：
Recent observations indicate that the Universe is not transparent but partially opaque due to absorption of light by ambient cosmic dust. This implies that the Friedmann equations valid for the transparent universe must be modified for the opaque universe. The paper studies a scenario when the opacity steeply rises with redshift. In this case, the light-matter interactions become important, because cosmic opacity produces radiation pressure that counterbalances gravitational forces. The presented theoretical model assumes the Universe expanding according to the standard FLRW metric but with the scale factor $a(t)$ depending on both types of forces: gravity as well as radiation pressure. The modified Friedmann equations predicts a cyclic expansion/contraction evolution of the Universe within a limited range of scale factors with no initial singularity. The model avoids dark energy and removes some other tensions of the standard cosmological model. The paper demonstrates that considering light-matter interactions in cosmic dynamics is crucial and can lead to new cosmological models essentially different from the standard $Λ$CDM model. This emphasizes necessity of new observations and studies of cosmic opacity and cosmic dust at high redshifts for more realistic modelling of the evolution of the Universe.
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