超相干薄膜谐振器运动基态附近的声子计数测温
Phonon counting thermometry of an ultracoherent membrane resonator near its motional ground state
摘要：
宏观力学物体的非高斯量子态的产生是量子信息科学中许多挑战的关键，从退相干的基本测试到量子通信和传感。机械运动的单声子态的预示产生是实现这一目标的一种有吸引力的方式，因为它原则上不受物体大小的限制。在这里，我们展示了一种技术，它允许通过声子计数测量附近的基态的1.5 MHz的微机械振荡器的运动的量子态的生成和检测。我们使用超窄带光学滤波器检测来自中间膜光学机械系统的散射光子，并在运动基态（$\bar{n}=0.23\pm0.02$声子）附近进行拉曼比测温和二阶强度干涉测量。随着有效质量在纳克范围内，我们的系统本身的研究寿命长的非高斯运动状态与一些最重的对象。
英文摘要：
Generation of non-Gaussian quantum states of macroscopic mechanical objects is key to a number of challenges in quantum information science, ranging from fundamental tests of decoherence to quantum communication and sensing. Heralded generation of single-phonon states of mechanical motion is an attractive way towards this goal, as it is, in principle, not limited by the object size. Here we demonstrate a technique which allows for generation and detection of a quantum state of motion by phonon counting measurements near the ground state of a 1.5 MHz micromechanical oscillator. We detect scattered photons from a membrane-in-the-middle optomechanical system using an ultra-narrowband optical filter, and perform Raman-ratio thermometry and second-order intensity interferometry near the motional ground state ($\bar{n}=0.23\pm0.02$ phonons). With an effective mass in the nanogram range, our system lends itself for studies of long-lived non-Gaussian motional states with some of the heaviest objects to date.
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