采用先进的可编程电源对MST环向磁场和等离子体电流的同时反馈控制
Simultaneous feedback control of toroidal magnetic field and plasma current on MST using advanced programmable power supplies
摘要：
感应电场的可编程控制实现了Madison Symmetric Torus（MST）设备中反向场箍缩（RFP）等离子体的高级操作，并进一步发展了欧姆加热聚变RFP等离子体的技术基础。MST的极向和环向磁场（$B_\text{p}$和$B_\text{t}$）可由基于集成栅双极晶体管（IGBT）的可编程电源（PPS）提供。为了提供对$B_\text{p}$和$B_\text{t}$电路的实时同时控制，开发了与时间无关的集成模型。考虑用于控制的致动器是由PPS产生的$B_\text{p}$和$B_\text{t}$初级电流。控制系统的目标是跟踪可在等离子体表面测量的两个特定需求量（$r=a$）：等离子体电流$I_\text{p} \sim B_\text{p}(a)$和RFP反转参数$F\sim B_\text{t}(a)/Φ$，其中$Φ$是等离子体中的环形通量。边缘安全系数$q(a)\propto B_t(a)$倾向于跟踪$F$，但不完全相同。为了理解$I_\text{p}$和$F$对致动器的响应，并使控制算法的系统设计成为可能，进行了专门的实验，其中对致动器进行了调制，并使用系统识别方法生成了线性化动态数据驱动模型。我们进行了一系列的初始实时实验，以测试所设计的反馈控制器，并验证推导出的模型预测。反馈控制器显示系统的改进，比简单的前馈控制器。
英文摘要：
Programmable control of the inductive electric field enables advanced operations of reversed-field pinch (RFP) plasmas in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) device and further develops the technical basis for ohmically heated fusion RFP plasmas. MST's poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields ($B_\text{p}$ and $B_\text{t}$) can be sourced by programmable power supplies (PPSs) based on integrated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). In order to provide real-time simultaneous control of both $B_\text{p}$ and $B_\text{t}$ circuits, a time-independent integrated model is developed. The actuators considered for the control are the $B_\text{p}$ and $B_\text{t}$ primary currents produced by the PPSs. The control system goal will be tracking two particular demand quantities that can be measured at the plasma surface ($r=a$): the plasma current, $I_\text{p} \sim B_\text{p}(a)$, and the RFP reversal parameter, $F\sim B_\text{t}(a)/Φ$, where $Φ$ is the toroidal flux in the plasma. The edge safety factor, $q(a)\propto B_t(a)$, tends to track $F$ but not identically. To understand the responses of $I_\text{p}$ and $F$ to the actuators and to enable systematic design of control algorithms, dedicated experiments are run in which the actuators are modulated, and a linearized dynamic data-driven model is generated using a system identification method. We perform a series of initial real-time experiments to test the designed feedback controllers and validate the derived model predictions. The feedback controllers show systematic improvements over simpler feedforward controllers.
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